Previous studies have found that importing goods from R&D-intensive countries raises a country’s productivity. In this paper we investigate econometrically whether foreign direct investment (FDI) also transfers technology across borders. The data indicates that FDI transfers technology, but only in one direction: a country’s productivity is increased if it invests in R&D-intensive foreign count...

Abstract Indonesia’s copper ore has a contribution of 3% in the world’s needs and rank 5th largest export mining materials after briquette, kerosene, coal, crude oil. According to Mineral Coal Mining Law Number 4 2009 that raw products have been prohibited be exported including due increasing value mineral products. Thus, it would affect current shipment, which should firstly processed by smelt...

The paper estimates the effect of oil price fluctuations on GDP growth, using linear and nonlinear VAR models with data from 12 countries. It reports strong significance for the existence of non-linear moderator effects caused by a decline in the oil-to-energy share, which weakens the causal effect of oil prices on economic growth. A consideration of the relationship of oil prices and GDP over ...

The industrial society for the last century has been stoked by oil as the cheap energy source. However, ominous signs of oil depletion, in fulfillment of M. King Hubbert’s “Peak Oil” theory, may be eerily encroaching upon us and may portend “The Olduvai Theory’s” dramatic consequences. The implications of dwindling cheap oil supplies are catastrophic for maintaining industrial societies’ econom...

Using confidential linked firm-level trade transactions and census data between 1997 and 2012, we provide new evidence on how American firms without foreign affiliates adjust employment and wages in response to import competition from low-income countries. We provide stylized facts on the input sourcing strategies of these domestic firms, with an emphasis on how their importing behavior differs...