We study the incentives to expropriate foreign capital under democracy and oligarchy. We model a two-sector small open economy where foreign investment triggers Stolper-Samuelson effects through reducing exporting costs. We show how incentives to expropriate depend on the distributional effects of the investment and on how these affect the interests of the group in power. How investment affects...

The Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek (HOV) theorem predicts whether a country will be a net exporter of services of a certain factor and the volume of the factor content of trade given the country's and the world's factor endowment information. Recent empirical work has documented that the measured factor content of trade is too small compared to the theoretical prediction and named this special pattern o...

The purpose of this research is to study the determinants export, import and overall trade performance. article employed panel gravity model along with analytical approaches fixed-effects, random-effects, Poisson Pseudo-Maximum-Likelihood (PPML) Heckman selection models. This analysis based on a data set from 1989 2015 (27 years) for total 20 selected largest leather importing partners. finding...

Introduction Since the inauguration of modern, general equilibrium analysis of smuggling by Bhagwati and Hansen (1973), the standard framework for analysis has been some version of the Hecksher-Ohlin-Samuelson (HOS) model. Moreover, with the notable exception of Sheikh (1974), the standard framework depicts smuggling as an activity that uses no domestic resources. In this article we alter the s...