Research on biometrics has noticeably increased. Biometric systems such as Finger print, retinal scan, face, voice, iris, signature and hand geometry are in use today, but they have several drawbacks. Recent surveys revealed the uniqueness of human odor. The body odor as a biometric identifier has the lowest error rate (15%) in comparison to other biometric identifiers such as iris, fingerprint...

The localization of bad odors is a long standing issue with high relevance for affected people because of the health and safety implications. In order to enable the detection and localization of bad odors we propose a wireless, low-power consuming sensor network. The sensor nodes are designed to wake-up upon initial detection of a bad odor to then start to measure the strength of the odor. Taki...

Olfactory perception and behaviors critically depend on the ability to identify an odor across a wide range of concentrations. Here, we use calcium imaging to determine how odor identity is encoded in olfactory cortex. We find that, despite considerable trial-to-trial variability, odor identity can accurately be decoded from ensembles of co-active neurons that are distributed across piriform co...

Olfaction is an important sensory modality driving fundamental behaviors. During odor-dependent learning, a positive value is commonly assigned to an odorant, and multiple forms of plasticity are involved when such odor-reward associations are formed. In rodents, one of the mechanisms underlying plasticity in the olfactory bulb consists in recruiting new neurons daily throughout life. However, ...

It is widely accepted that unconscious processes can modulate judgments and behavior, but do such influences affect one's daily interactions with other people? Given that olfactory information has relatively direct access to cortical and subcortical emotional circuits, we tested whether the affective content of subliminal odors alters social preferences. Participants rated the likeability of ne...

22 Experience shapes both central olfactory system function and odor 23 perception. In piriform cortex, odor experience appears critical for 24 synthetic processing of odor mixtures which contributes to perceptual 25 learning and perceptual acuity, as well as contributing to memory for 26 events and/or rewards associated with odors. Here, we examined the effect 27 of odor fear conditioning on p...

OBJECTIVE To study the effect of milk odor on nonnutritive sucking by premature newborns. DESIGN Blinded, crossover study of the effects of milk vs sham odor on nonnutritive sucking. SETTING Urban neonatal intensive care unit. PATIENTS Twenty-nine premature newborns with gestational age of 29 to 36 weeks. INTERVENTION Fourteen subjects were tested with fortified breast milk odor (group ...

Female mosquitoes use odor and heat as cues to navigate to a suitable landing site on their blood host. The way these cues affect flight behavior and modulate anemotactic responses, however, is poorly understood. We studied in-flight behavioral responses of females of the nocturnal malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto to human odor and heat. Flight-path characteristics in a wind tun...

This study aims to provide a review for odor detection, recognition and source localization and ongoing approaches taken to address the problem. To this aim sensor structures and chemical detection process are introduced. Next, recognition techniques of odor from detected chemicals are explained. To introduce source localization problem, the odor dynamics is introduced and models of odor diffus...

Variability is a prominent feature of behavior and is an active element of certain behavioral strategies. To understand how neuronal circuits control variability, we examined the propagation of sensory information in a chemotaxis circuit of C. elegans where discrete sensory inputs can drive a probabilistic behavioral response. Olfactory neurons respond to odor stimuli with rapid and reliable ch...