The intension behind the present work was formulation and evaluation of in situ gel of brimonidine tartrate. Brimonidine tartrate is an antiglaucomic agent which shows rapid precorneal exclusion and reduced ocular bioavailability when given in form of conventional ophthalmic formulations. To avoid this, an attempt has been made to formulate thermosensitive in situ gel of brimonidine tartrate to...

Ion-pairing is reported to improve the lipophilicity and subsequently the transport rate of polar drugs across lipid membranes. Lipophilisation of ionic drugs with high aqueous solubilities by ion-pair formation with appropriate counter-ion have proven to be promising for several applications. The aim of this review is to present the usefulness of ion-pair for improving the poor bioavailability...

Seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) is increasing in prevalence such that 1 in 4 persons is affected in the UK. It represents a considerable burden of disease since in a significant proportion of individuals the severity of nasal-ocular symptoms has an important effect on daily activity, performance and quality of life. Intranasal steroids (INS) form the mainstay of treatment, having been shown in...

The poor bioavailability and therapeutic response exhibited by the conventional ophthalmic solutions due to pre-corneal elimination of the drug may be overcome by the use of in situ gel forming systems, which upon instillation as drops into the eye undergo a sol-gel transition in the cul-de-sac. This may result in better ocular availability of the drug. The purpose of this work was to develop a...

The purpose of this study was to develop a pH-triggered in situ gelling vehicle for ophthalmic delivery of puerarin. The effect of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) on the aqueous solubility and in vitro corneal permeation of puerarin was also investigated. The puerarin solubility increased linearly and proportionally to the HP-beta-CD concentrations and 5% (w/v) HP-beta-CD enhanced ...

Article history: Received on: 07/11/2012 Revised on: 29/12/2012 Accepted on: 22/01/2013 Available online: 28/02/2013 The aim of this research is to develop thermo sensitive drug vehicles for glaucoma therapy in in-situ form to overcome the problems of poor bioavailability, naso lachrymal drainage and rapid precorneal elimination exhibited by conventional eye drops. Thermo sensitive ophthalmic d...

the histopathologic diagnosis of orbital and ocular adnexal lymphoproliferative lesions is difficult, resulting controversy in classification, determining benignity or malignancy of them and treatment modality selection. we designed the following study to evaluate clinical, histopathologic and if necessary immunochemical features of them in decreasing indeterminate cases. the study includes 51 ...

this research project was conducted to evaluate bioavailability and chemical properties of different zinc sources in broiler chickens when fed by practical diets. for that, 312 day-old male ross 308 broiler chicks were fed from 8-28 day to estimate the biological availability of four zinc sources. chicks were allocated randomly to 13 experimental diets in a 3 × 4 factorial design. diets include...

atorvastatin calcium, the lipid lowering agent, is taken as a model drug characterized by poor water solubility and bioavailability. in this study an attempt was made for preparation of nanocrystals using high pressure homogenization. a number of stabilizers were included as well as polymers at different concentrations, and the formulations were homogenized for ten cycles at a pressure of 1000 ...

This paper describes hitherto developed drug forms for topical ocular administration, that is, eye drops, ointments, in situ gels, inserts, multicompartment drug delivery systems, and ophthalmic drug forms with bioadhesive properties. Heretofore, many studies have demonstrated that new and more complex ophthalmic drug forms exhibit advantage over traditional ones and are able to increase the bi...