Policy-makers and analysts are often concerned with the effect of tariff reductions, as part of trade liberalisation, on the volume of imports, and in particular adverse effects on domestic import-competing sectors. While there is limited evidence at an aggregate country level that imports increase following trade liberalisation, there is very little empirical evidence at a sector level. In the...

The UK economy growing annually at 2.05 percent and leading the world between 1750 and 1850 experienced a sharp rise in income inequality at the high point of the industrial revolution. A series of tax and transfer enactments from the parliament to protect workers and low income households started towards the end of the nineteenth century reversed this trend making Britain one of the most egali...

Porphyromonas gingivalis 381 fimbriae, their synthetic peptide segments, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were examined for hemagglutinating and migration-stimulating activities. P. gingivalis 381 fimbriae clearly caused hemagglutination, and several oligopeptide segments such as FP381(61-80), FP381(171-185), and FP381(302-321), corresponding to the amino acid residue numbers based on the amino aci...

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) comprise one of the six categories of diarrhoeagenic E. coli (DEC). EPEC is subgrouped into typical (tEPEC) and atypical (aEPEC). The identification of DEC cannot be based only on cultural and biochemical criteria, since they are indistinguishable from the non-pathogenic E. coli commonly found in human feces. Several PCR methods, with both single and mul...

HIV/AIDS is a disease for which we ourselves are the vector. Consequently, a high prevalence of the disease in the population is likely to generate a high incidence of new infections. This paper argues that in Sub-Saharan Africa, where the prevalence of other fatal diseases is high, there is a counter-intuitive effect of health care spending: such spending increases the life expectancy of the i...

The purpose of this study is to assess the thresholds at which military expenditure modulates the effect of terrorism on capital flight. We employed a panel data of 37 African countries from 1996-2010.The empirical evidence was based on: (i) baseline contemporary and noncontemporary OLS, (ii) contemporary and non-contemporary fixed effects regressions to account for the unobserved heterogeneity...

This paper explores the development of Cote d’Ivoire’s formal private sector in the years preceding and immediately following the political crises in 1999-2000 and the Civil War that began in 2002. Notably, during the conflict politicians exploited and ex­ acerbated anti-foreigner sentiments, tolerating increasing number of attacks targeting foreigners. We use a unique database from the Registr...

The majority of African countries implemented import liberalisation in the 1990s. This paper explores factors that may explain the pattern of protection and of tariff reform. We consider political economy explanations, motivated specifically by the Grossman and Helpman (1994) model of protection in response to industry lobbies, and the possibility that reforms are technocratic. Using industry-l...

This study complements existing literature by examining the nexus between energy consumption (EC), CO2 emissions (CE) and economic growth (GDP) in 24 African countries using a panel ARDL approach. The following findings are established. First, there is a long run relationship between EC, CE and GDP. Second, a long term effect from CE to GDP and EC is apparent, with reciprocal paths. Third, the ...

Is the ethnic group in power really better o¤ than others? This paper exploits random change in the ethnicity of the president of Guinea in 1984 to identify the e¤ect of having a co-ethnic in power on welfare, measured by infant mortality. Mother …xed e¤ects estimation results show that babies born to mothers living in districts where the new president’s ethnic group predominates are no less li...