Genetic mechanisms involved in prostate tumor progression from the androgen-responsive to androgen-unresponsive stage are not well understood because of the tremendous heterogeneity in the tumor as well as the lack of suitable models. Using 165 repeat microsatellite DNA markers distributed equally over all of the chromosomes, we determined an association between genetic alterations and androgen...

Chemistry of Dufour glands associated with the venom complex in Bracon cephi (Gahan) and Bracon lissogaster Muesebeck (Hymenoptera; Braconidae), two parasitoids of the wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), was examined by solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Homologous series of five chemical classes were detected in individua...

We study the causal connection between trade and development using one of the earliest massive trade expansions in prehistory: the first systematic crossing of open seas in the Mediterranean during the time of the Phoenicians. For each point on the coast, we construct the ease with which other points can be reached by crossing open water. This connectivity differs depending on the shape of the ...

Fujita, Krugman and Venables (FKV) develop a model in which international wage differentials encourage industrial mobility because the advantages provided by strong inputoutput linkages within high cost countries are offset by the benefits of locating in low wage economies. In this paper we argue that globalization has another important dimension. Shocks may originate in a single country but, w...

We propose an economic theory of infectious disease transmission and rational behavior. Diseases are costly due to mortality (premature death) and morbidity (lower productivity and quality of life). The theory offers three main insights. First, higher disease prevalence implies lower saving-investment propensity. Preventive behavior can partially offset this when the prevalence rate and negativ...

We estimate productivities at the sector level for 75 countries and 5 decades, and examine how they evolve over time in both developed and developing countries. We find that in both country groups, comparative advantage has become weaker: productivity grew systematically faster in sectors that were initially at the greater comparative disadvantage. The global welfare implications of this phenom...

Resource misallocation lowers aggregate productive effi ciency. The existing literature often infers the magnitude of misallocation from the dispersion of average revenue products. However, the methodology is subject to several identification issues. In particular, the estimator would be upward biased by the presence of unobserved heterogeneities in output and demand elasticities; adjustment co...

The post-communist transition was associated with two specific phenomena. First, political liberalization was initiated simultaneously with economic reforms. Second, instead of a short Jshaped adjustment, most transition countries experienced deep and protracted recessions. Some analysts suggest that the early introduction of democracy was in fact harmful for economic growth. Similarly, propone...

Many technologies used by the LDCs are developed in the OECD economies and are designed to make optimal use of the skills of these richer countries’ workforces. Differences in the supply of skills create a mismatch between the requirements of these technologies and the skills of LDC workers, and lead to low productivity in the LDCs. Even when all countries have equal access to new technologies,...

In this paper we investigate three sources of economic growth and evolution of world income distribution during the 90’s: (i) technological change, (ii) efficiency change (the catching-up) and (iii) capital deepening. Our research is an extension to recent study of Kumar and Russell (2002), which we complement in two ways: we considering a more recent period (the 90’s instead of 1965-90) and, a...