This paper revisits the induced innovation literature of the 1960s to which Phelps was a major contributor (Drandakis and Phelps, 1965). This literature was the first systematic study of the determinants of technical change and also the first investigation of the relationship between factor prices and technical change. I present a modern reformulation of this literature based on the tools devel...

We use a randomized experiment in India to show that improved technology enhances agricultural productivity by crowding in modern inputs and cultivation practices. Specifically, we show that a new rice variety that reduces downside risk by providing flood tolerance has positive effects on adoption of a more labor intensive planting method, area cultivated, fertilizer usage, and credit demand. W...

This paper introduces endogenous and directed technical change in a growth model with environmental constraints. A unique final good is produced by combining inputs from two sectors. One of these sectors uses “dirty”machines and thus creates environmental degradation. Research can be directed to improving the technology of machines in either sector. We characterize dynamic tax policies that ach...

In this study we investigated the determinants of the propensity of Swiss firms to train apprentices. Innovation, firm age and competition conditions on the product market are determining factors that were especially emphasized in this investigation. We found that the skill composition of the employment, innovation activities, firm age, labour costs, capital intensity, and competitive pressures...

The demand for electronic books (e-books) and the e-book readers are complementary. On the one hand, the emergence of e-book readers such as Amazon’s Kindle has triggered the recent growth of the e-book market. On the other hand, several issues in the e-book market can affect the future of the e-book reader market. Considering this complementarity, this paper quantifies the impact of digital ri...

The landscape of cancer imaging is being shaped by advances in oncological treatment. As the genetic and molecular aberration of cancers and cancer subtypes are being elucidated, specific cellular pathways and associated molecular receptors are recognized as potential pharmacological targets to modify or arrest cancer growth. In the past two decades, such targeted therapies are being developed ...

Diarrhea is one of the most significant issues for global health in children under the age of five. Close to 60% of mortality in this risk group is caused by pneumonia, diarrhea or measles, which is usually associated with malnutrition. In Brazil, this scenario is no different, with the Northeast semi-arid region having alarming rates of child mortality, almost twice that of the current nationa...