The prob lem of r e c o n s t r u c t i n g a p rocedure f rom t r a c e s o f i t s behav io r i s c o n s i d e r e d . A r e p r e s e n t a t i o n f o r p r o c e d u r e s , i n c l u d i n g backt r a c k i n g p r o c e d u r e s , i s d e s c r i b e d and a d e f i n i t i o n o f a t r a c e o r p r o t o c o l i s p r e s e n t e d . A l g o r i t h m s f o r t h e c o n s t r u c t...

A p p l i c a t i o n t o t r a n s o n i c f low shows I n t r o d u c t i o n The Reynolds numbers f o r a l a r q e a i r p l a n e a r e o f t h e o r d e r o f t h i r t y m i l l i o n . Therefore, laminar f l o w i n t h e boundary l a y e r becomes uns tab le , r e s u l t i n g i n t u r b u l e n t f l o w over iribst o f t h e sur face of t h e a i r p l a n e . However, t h e comput...

N ucleic a c id m etabolism of th e b r in e shrim p, Artem ia s a l i n a , has been th e s u b je c t o f r e c e n t in v e s t ig a t io n a t th e Oak Ridge N a tio n a l L a b o ra to r ie s (U .S .A .) t o determ ine th e source o f n u c le ic a c id p u rin e s r e l a t i v e t o th e c e l l u l a r n u c le o tid e p oo ls d u rin g developm ent. As a seq u e l t o t h i s work, and...

The l o g i c a l p a r t d e t e r m i n e s the s t r u c t u r e o f t h e i t e m s i n the i n f o r m a t i o n p a r t , p r e f e r e n c e s be tween them and t h e i r c o n t r i b u t i o n to t he f i n a l r e s u l t . The i n f o r m a t i o n p a r t i s v a r i a b l e . By d e s i g n i n g the l o g i c a l p a r t s u f f i c i e n t l y g e n e r a l , one can use i t even...

The e s s e n t i a l c r e d i t o f t h e s e o p e r a t i o n s i s t h e i r n o n d e t e r m i n a t i o n , i . e . a m b i g u i t y and i n f o r m a l i t y o f t h e i r r e s u l t s . Consequently, t h e r e a l i z a t i o n o f v a r i o u s i n t e l l e c t u a l problems may p r o ceed in d i f f e r e n t ways. Thus we have a c a l o u l u s o n hand ( 2 , p.203), i . e . w ...

W e r e p o r t h e r e d i r e c t m e a s u r e m e n t s o f t h e d e s t r u c t i o n o f c h a r g e q u a n t i z a t i o n i n a s i n g l e e l e c t r o n b o x , t h e f i r s t o v e r t h e f u l l r a n g e o f b o x t o l e a d c o n d u c t a n c e v a l u e s f r o m G ~ 0 t o t h e c o n d u c t a n c e q u a n t u m G

Th i s paper d e s c r i b e s the d e s i g n o f a g e n e r a l purpose d e d u c t i o n eng ine f o r use i n expe r t sys tems. I t r e p r e s e n t s an e x t e n s i o n o f a n a t u r a l d e d u c t i o n theorem p r o v e r t h a t has e l i m i n a t e d the n e g a t i o n symbol in f a v o r o f c e r t a i n t y f a c t o r s and has an improved method o f s p l i t t i n g pro...

T h i s paper i s i n t e n d e d t o d raw a t t e n t i o n t o a l i t e r a t u r e i n P h i l o s o p h y t h a t w o u l d b e o f g r e a t use and i n t e r e s t t o r e s e a r c h e r s a t t e m p t i n g t o s i m u l a t e n o n d e d u c t i v e r e a s o n i n g . Two m o d e l s o f such r e a s o n i n g a r e d i s c u s s e d , and t h e k e r n e l r o l e o f t h e c o n ...

A number t h e o r y approach to p rob lem s o l v i n g i s p r e s e n t e d u s i n g t h e tower o f cubes p u z z l e as an e x ample . Some c o n v e n t i o n a l methods o f s o l v i n g t he p u z z l e a re f i r s t d i s c u s s e d . The p u z z l e i s t h e n t h o r ough l y s t u d i e d u s i n g a n e n t i r e l y d i f f e r e n t app roach . S p e c i a l numbers a re use...

An j u n g e n , aber schon vol l e rgrünten , im natürl ichen L i c h t D u n k e l W e c h s e l wachsenden Ke impf lanzen von Cucumis sativus L. lassen sich per iod ische H y p o k o t y l k r ü m m u n g e n e r z w i n g e n , wenn man einen K o t y l e d o verdunkel t und den anderen u n v e r d u n k e l t l äß t oder abschneidet . E ine g le ich stark a u s g e p r ä g t e per iod ische...