Careful attention to malocclusion in children with special needs leads to a considerable improvement in the quality of life. The present study analysed the prevalence of malocclusion in children with Down syndrome (DS) and cerebral palsy (CP) as well as associations with individual, socio-economic, and behavioural factors. A cross-sectional study was carried out that included 181 mothers and th...

A study on the proximate composition, minerals, vitamins, carotenoids, amino acids, fatty acids profiles and some physicochemical properties of freeze dried Gracilaria changii was conducted. It was discovered that this seaweed was high in dietary fibre (64.74±0.82%), low in fat (0.30±0.02%) and Na/K ratio (0.12±0.02). The total amino acid content was 91.90±7.70% mainly essential amino acids (55...

in this study, the nutritive values of treated walnut hull by neurospora sitophila were evaluated. the chemical composition of samples was evaluated by laboratory analysis.in vitrodigestibility experiment was done to determine digestibility coefficients of dry matter, organic matter and also digestible organic matter in dry matter (domd) to estimate the metabolizable energy (me) content oftreat...

Commercial brown-egg layers have the genetic potential to produce 26.5 kg egg mass per hen housed (405 eggs with 65.5 g average weight) in a prolonged laying period of 16 months, with a feed conversion ratio of 2.1 kg feed per kg egg mass (Lohmann Tierzucht, 2011). Rapid growing broilers reach market weight of 2.1 kg live weight in 5 weeks, with a feed conversion of 1.6 kg feed per kg live weig...

It was previously reported that dietary restriction may disturb sex ratio (och Felix Zajitschek, 2012), as well as diet of females (Hu et al., 2012). Deviation from 1:1 sex ratio observed in our experiment was recorded only for flies maintained on carrot substrate after transferring to the new nutritional environments. Such sex ratio distortion may arise at least partially as a consequence of d...

Excessive sugar consumption is a risk factor for the development of several disorders, including metabolic, cardiovascular, neurological conditions and even some cancers, has been linked to increased morbidity mortality. The popularization typical Western diet, featured by an excessive intake saturated fats added sugars low unprocessed fruits, vegetables fiber, may directly affect composition f...

Background: Despite the reduction of infant mortality in the world, complication of preterm birth is a major cause of infant mortality. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of abdominal massage and non-nutritive sucking on physiological parameters of preterm infants in neonatal intensive care units in Emam Reza Hospital in Kermanshah, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this randomized co...

Many organisms use chemical defenses to reduce predation risk. Aposematic dendrobatid frogs sequester alkaloid-based chemical defenses from a diet of arthropods, but research on these defenses has been limited to adults. Herein, we investigate chemical defense across development in a dendrobatid frog, Oophaga pumilio. This species displays complex parental care: at hatching, mothers transport t...