Abstiact: When offered single species of seaweeds in excess amounts, the sea urchin Arbuciapunctulata (Lamarck) Philippi consumed significantly more Gracilana folijr,a (Forsskal) Borgrsen and Codium z3thmocladium Vickers than Sargassum filipendula C. Agardh, Padina vickersiae Hoyt, or Dictyota dichotomu (Hudson) Lamouroux. When all five species were offered to urchins simultaneously, patterns o...

Competition and herbivory are ubiquitous environmental challenges that affect most plants. We examined the influence of phenotypic responses to either competition or herbivory on the subsequent response of the plants to the other factor. The stem-elongation response of Chenopodium album to light competition attenuated its resistance to caterpillar herbivory in terms of herbivore mortality, but ...

Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) are extralimital (non-native) to the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa yet they have and continue to be introduced to the region. Financial gain has arguably been the driving force behind these introductions as foreign tourists associate giraffe with Africa and the African wildlife experience. This raises a number of ethical, ecological and philosophical quest...

thegenus achillea is one of the most important medicinal plants in the asteraceae family. nineteen species of this genus have been described in the flora iranica, of which achillea aucheri boiss is an endemic species to iran. given the effect of geographic location on the quality and yield of essential oil, we performed an investigation to determine oil contents of a. aucheri growing at differe...

plant diversity conservation is a main objective in rangelandmanagement. plant diversity is a suitable index for showing the changes ofvegetation in rangelands and has a high correlation with ecosystem parameters.therefore, using this index it is possible to find the changes and manage theecosystem correctly. the current research was performed to determine the speciesdiversity in fashandak rang...

We evaluated the influence of Parkia platycephala on plant assemblages under its crown and surrounding areas in a disturbed Brazilian Savanna, as well effects aqueous extracts leaves germination development three species, hypothesis that P. might work nurse species. Eleven direct (ADIs) indirect (AIIs) 11 control (COs) were delineated. All tree shrub species present these areas, including seedl...

In mountain pastures worldwide, studies investigating vegetation changes due to long-term grazing and environmental are sparse, especially regarding the effects of in snowmelt patterns. The outstanding availability historical data from Kyrgyz creates unique opportunities study past forecast future changes, making them ideal model ecosystems. Using a resurvey approach, we explored response manag...

Newly germinated seedlings are vulnerable to biomass removal but usually have at least 6 months grow before they exposed dry-season fires, a major disturbance in savannas. In contrast, plants browsers from the time germinate, making browsing potentially very powerful bottleneck for establishing seedlings. Here we assess resilience of 10 savanna tree species topkill during first growth. seeds fo...

The biophysical environment is an important determinant of land degradation in both commercial and communal land tenure systems in South Africa. According to a recent study on the status of land degradation, approximately 25% of the total land cover in South Africa is degraded. Several technologies exist to restore the soil and vegetation degraded areas in natural pastures. To improve the produ...