Decent work is a new concept that has recently entered in international labor market economic literature and according to a good number of authorities it is one of the major aspects of sustainable developments that can lead to poverty reduction. On the other hand, International Labor Office (ILO) has Considered Decent Work as the basis of its major framework of activities. ILO intends to encour...

Background and purpose: Pain in labor causes stress and reduces self-steem. Effective support is a key factor in reducing stress during delivery. The present study aimed to investigate and compare the effects of standard maternity care, continuous supports from private midwife, and female relatives on type and process of delivery, maternal satisfaction, and breastfeeding. Materials and methods...

Background and Aim: Oxytocin causes restriction of water in newborns' red blood cells because of its hyposmotic potential. Therefore red blood cells' ability to change their form decreases, but their lysis increases when they pass through reticuloendothelial system which causes hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn. Promethazin, because of its efficacy against liver bile ducts, also causes reversib...

    Background and Aim: Several agents have been used for labor pain relief. Clinical trials have shown pethidine – promethazine combination as an effective mean. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a new method for pain relief which uses mild electrical stimulation for inhibition of pain signals in nerves. This method has been used successfully for chronic pains such as low b...

Introduction: One the most anxious moments for mothers and families is labor pain and various methods for its relief have an effect on labor management, patient satisfaction and labor outcome. Both pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods are used to relieve labor pain, but in recently years, researchers have focused their attention to non-pharmacological methods for reduction of labor p...