Concerns about the welfare of animals typically include 3 questions: is the animal functioning well (e.g., good health, productivity, etc.), is the animal feeling well (e.g., absence of pain, etc.), and is the animal able to live according to its nature (e.g., perform natural behaviors that are thought to be important to it, such as grazing)? We review examples, primarily from our own research,...

birth weight (bw) is the first trait recorded fllowing birth. it can influence the performance of thecow and as well impact the performance of the calf it,s duringits maturity. to investigate the effect ofa calf,s bw on the performance of holstein dairy cattle in iran, the records gathered between 1967 and2010 were obtained from the iranian animal breeding center. the data were then used to mod...

this report is on infestation with chorioptes bovis of holstein cattle on a dairy farm included 900 cowsin tabriz. ten heifers and 25 milking cows under the age of 5 years were infested. clinical signs consisted ofalopecia, crusts, ulcerations and superficial skin fissures. pruritus and itching were severe in all cases.lesions were present around the base of the tail, on the neck and below the ...

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, the etiologic agent of Johne's disease or paratuberculosis, was identified by culture and/or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 50% and 30% of water samples for animal and human consumption, respectively, from ten dairy goat farms in Brazil. IS1311 restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis identified the isolates as cattle type C.

A cohort study was conducted to evaluate the risk of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) transmission to uninfected cattle by adjacent infected cattle in 6 dairy farms. Animals were initially tested in 2010-2011 using a commercial ELISA kit. Uninfected cattle were repeatedly tested every 4 to 6 months until fall of 2012. The Cox proportional hazard model with frailty showed that uninfected cattle neigh...

genetic parameters and trends for milk and fat yields as well as for fat percentage were estimated from 35,438 milk production records (305d, 2x) of 17,971 holstein dairy cattle in 133 herds during the period of 1990-2003 in khorasan province. variance components were estimated using restricted maximum likelihood statistical method applying univariate and repeatability animal models. for the un...

The levels and composition of agricultural dusts are influenced by animal species, production strategy, housing type and ventilation efficiency. Agricultural dust within animal houses is complex and consists of feed particles, microbes and their products, dander, fecal matter, gases, metals and other organic and inorganic components. Livestock and poultry production facilities may be categorize...

reproductive efficiency in dairy cattle has been decreased over the last 5 decades despite significant gains in genetic selection, improved reproductive technologies and nutritional care. in high-yielding dairy cattle, the negative energy balance (neb) during the first week post-partum adversely affects ovarian activity, mainly follicle growth and steroidogenesis. circulating levels of non-este...

JAVMA, Vol 243, No. 10, November 15, 2013 A precision and accuracy in residue chemistry are constantly improving toward the goal of a safe food supply. On July 6, 2012, the USDA FSIS announced a restructuring of the US NRP with respect to sampling of compounds in meat, poultry, and egg products and the scheduling of animal production classes. The FSIS has also implemented several new MRMs for a...

Core body temperature is an important measure of animal thermal stress and thermoregulation. A shortrange telemetry system was evaluated in poultry, beef, and dairy cattle. This system provides good temperature accuracy, excellent temperature resolution, and adequate response time. However, this system would need some improvement before it could be implemented into the livestock industry.