The direct replacement of aromatic fluorine in hexafluorobenzene has hitherto been possible only by the use of nucleophilic reagents. In this investigation, the replacement of nuclear fluorine by nonnucleophilic, or weakly nucleophilic, reagents was achieved by reaction at relatively high temperatures, 300 to 850 °C. For example, the reaction of hexafluorobenzene with such reagents as bromine, ...

We synthesized an indolium–coumarin dyad (1) and its derivatives with –Cl (2), –N(CH3)2 (3), or –NO2 (4) substituent, and used them for fluorometric detection of cyanide anions (CN(-)) in aqueous media. All of the dyads exhibit fluorescence enhancement by CN(-) via a nucleophilic interaction of CN(-) with the indolium carbon atoms. Their fluorescence response and selectivity to CN(-), however, ...

Aminoanthraquinones were successfully synthesized via two reaction steps. 1,4-Dihydroxyanthraquinone (1) was first subjected to methylation, reduction and acylation to give an excellent yield of anthracene-1,4-dione (3), 1,4-dimethoxyanthracene-9,10-dione (5) and 9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-1,4-diyl diacetate (7). Treatment of 1, 3, 5 and 7 with BuNH2 in the presence of PhI(OAc)2 as catal...

Linear and branched hydrocarbon chains may be appended or crosslinked at selected cysteine positions in unprotected peptides proteins. The method involves nucleophilic substitution assisted by a simple zinc salt under mild conditions can applied late stages of synthesis. More information found the Full Paper A. D. de Araujo, H. T. Nguyen, P. Fairlie.

the transesterification process of trimethylphosphate with ethanol and isopropanol is examined. it is found that the reaction does not proceed in the absence of base even at temperature up to 100°c, whereas in the presence of sodium alkoxide as a catalyst it takes place at room temperature leading to a mixture of mono-,bi-, tri-substitute esters as well as the minor by-products resulting from t...

The unimolecular reactivities of a range of perbenzoate anions (X-C6H5CO3-), including the perbenzoate anion itself (X = H), nitroperbenzoates (X = para-, meta-, ortho-NO2), and methoxyperbenzoates (X = para-, meta-OCH3) were investigated in the gas phase by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. The collision-induced dissociation mass spectra of these compounds reveal product ions c...