[1] Large uncertainty exists in the nucleation parameterizations that may be propagated into climate change predictions through affecting aerosol direct and indirect effects. These parameterizations are derived either empirically from laboratory/field measurements or from theoretical models for nucleation rates. A total of 12 nucleation parameterizations (7 binary, 3 ternary, and 2 power laws) ...

Nucleation, a process taking place on a nanoor subnanoscale in typical atomic and molecular systems, creates original crystal embryos from the mother phase. It is one of the most important aspects in our daily life. It is important in situations ranging from the condensation and freezing of water (e.g. rain, snow, freezing), the formation of bones and teeth and the correlation between synergeti...

IIce nucleation active (INA) bacteria are common epiphytic inhabitants that cause frost damage in many plants in the near-zero temperatures. Yet, no studies were found in ice nucleation bacteria associated with pistachio trees. In our earlier study some INA strains were identified and reported. These were assigned as Pseudomonas fragi, P. putida, P. moraviensis and<em...

Nucleation time represents the terminal step in in vitro studies examining bile lithogenicity. Because of the concern that residual microcrystals, left after ultracentrifugation, may be responsible for the rapid nucleation time of gallbladder bile from patients with cholesterol gallstones, we have included a final filtration step. However, we found this procedure to considerably lengthen the nu...

Within the project EUCAARI (European Integrated project on Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality interactions), atmospheric nucleation was studied by (i) developing and testing new air ion and cluster spectrometers, (ii) conducting homogeneous nucleation experiments for sulphate and organic systems in the laboratory, (iii) investigating atmospheric nucleation mechanism under field conditions, a...

Estimates of protein crystal nucleation rates determined from three independent sets of experimental observations are compared for internal consistency. Large discrepancies emerge. A qualitative understanding of these discrepancies is gained from an analysis of the experimental techniques used within the framework of extant models for nucleation rates. Quantitatively, however, these models fail...

We present a consistent dynamical nucleation theory based on density functional theory. By considering the properties of stable droplets in closed volumes, the height and shape of the barrier to nucleation are calculated. Contributions from fluctuations in the center of mass of the nucleating cluster are taken into account. Forward and backward rates for cluster dynamics are obtained, and nucle...

Non-stationary random formation of stable nuclei from a small metastable system is considered. Distribution of waiting times to observe the first nucleus is examined, and it is shown that the steady-state nucleation rate is given by inverse of the standard deviation, which is independent of the post-critical size n where the nucleus is detected. The mean time, on the other hand, is n-sensitive ...

There are two stages generally recognized in the viral capsid assembly: nucleation and elongation. This paper focuses on the nucleation stage and develops mathematical models for HIV-1 viral capsid nucleation based on six-species dynamical systems. The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is used for parameter fitting to estimate the association and dissociation rates from biological exp...

We report a molecular dynamics study of homogeneous bubble nucleation in a Lennard-Jones fluid. The rate of bubble nucleation is estimated using forward-flux sampling (FFS). We find that cavitation starts with compact bubbles rather than with ramified structures, as had been suggested by Shen and Debenedetti (J. Chem. Phys. 1999, 111, 3581). Our estimate of the bubble-nucleation rate is higher ...