An urgent task of modern biological science is the development of efficient, reliable and safe methods of body physiological correction in changing environment. This problem covers almost all living things, including humans and farm animals, which in turn affect environment and the humans through animal products. This is the most characteristic of modern industrial animal husbandry being compli...

There is an intricate relationship between milk production, fertility and survival of cows, which is further confounded by management decisions on the farm. Holsteinization and selection for high milk production can be associated with reduction in cow fertility (Pryce et al., 1998; Silvia, 1998; Harris and Winkelman, 2000) because of its impact on physiological factors affecting reproduction su...

s only (1) Editorials (3) 4d. Number of articles/sources meeting criteria for further review: 11 4 randomized trials were identified: (Dorges et al 2000 [not CPR cases only those undergoing GA]), (Langehell et al 2000), (Wenzel et al 1999 [not CPR cases, only those undergoing GA]), (Droges et al 1999 [not CPR cases only those undergoing GA]), 4 relevant human (mechanistic) studies were identifi...

Most of the drugs that are available in the marketplace are administered via the oral route, which is a convenient and cost effective route of administration (Lipinski 1995; Lipinski 2000; Lipinski et al. 2001; Lipinski 2004; Abrahamsson and Lennernas 2005). Thus, oral bioavailability is one of the key considerations for discovery and development of a new chemical entity (NCE). It is well recog...

Chronic exposure to toluene (Tol) can impair the central nervous system (Yamanouchi et al. 1995; Greenberg 1997). Tol shares many effects with nervous system depressant compounds such as anesthetics (Evans & Balster 1991). In the past, the neuroactivity of anesthetics and related compounds was thought to be attributed to their ability to perturb the plasma membrane (Engelke et al. 1992). Today,...

INTRODUCTION Dynein is a minus-end-directed microtubule motor that exists in two forms. Axonemal dynein promotes microtubule sliding for beating of cilia and flagella. Cytoplasmic dynein moves processively along microtubules and, in addition to organelle positioning and transport, plays key roles in cell cycle events, including nucleus-centrosome coupling, nuclear envelope breakdown, spindle as...

Frizzled receptors in Drosophila. Science 288, 1825–1828 12 Willnow, T.E. et al. (1999) Lipoprotein receptors: new roles for ancient proteins. Nat. Cell Biol. 1, E157–E162 13 Trommsdorff, M. et al. (1999) Reeler/Disabled-like disruption of neuronal migration in knockout mice lacking the VLDL receptor and ApoE receptor 2. Cell 97, 689–701 14 Wehrli, M. et al. (2000) arrow encodes an LDL-receptor...

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Sperm-egg binding and fusion initiate the development of a new organism, but the molecular mechanisms of gamete adhesion, gamete membrane fusion and associated signaling are still poorly understood. Recently, one egg surface protein, CD9, was shown to be essential for gamete fusion. The fertility of CD9-deficient female mice is severely reduced because membrane fusion ability is lost in CD9-def...

In vertebrates, somite formation precedes the segmental appearance of the vertebral column, trunk musculature and peripheral nerves. The somites are generated by segmentation of the paraxial mesoderm on either side of the neural tube and notochord, where they form as pseudoepithelial spheres. Newly formed somites are a mosaic of presumptive rostral and caudal cells. A number of differences exis...