Treatment of NOx in diesel engine exhaust represents a big opportunity for the environmental application of low-temperature plasmas. In this paper NOx conversion to N2 was investigated by Plasma/Catalyst System Catalytic activity was enhanced by the assistance of plasma ,and the plasma/Catalyst system showed higher NOx conversion. It is shown that the plasma by itself cannot chemically reduce N...

Although nitrated proteins have been repeatedly used as markers of lung injury, little is known about their formation and metabolism under hyperoxia. We therefore measured 3-nitrotyrosine (3NTYR) concentrations in lung tissue and serum of rats with carrageenan-induced pneumonia exposed to hyperoxia. Twenty-nine Wistar male rats were assigned to one of 4 groups. Two experimental groups were trea...

Brachyspira (Serpulina) hyodysenteriae, the etiologic agent of swine dysentery, uses the enzyme NADH oxidase to consume oxygen. To investigate possible roles for NADH oxidase in the growth and virulence of this anaerobic spirochete, mutant strains deficient in oxidase activity were isolated and characterized. The cloned NADH oxidase gene (nox; GenBank accession no. U19610) on plasmid pER218 was...

Two major factors which regulate tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF)-mediated constriction of the afferent arteriole are release of superoxide (O(2)(-)) and nitric oxide (NO) by macula densa (MD) cells. MD O(2)(-) inactivates NO; however, among the factors that increase MD O(2)(-) release, the role of aldosterone is unclear. We hypothesize that aldosterone activates the mineralocorticoid receptor (...

The reported range for global production of nitrogen oxides (NOx=NO+NO2) by lightning remains large (e.g., 32 to 664mol NOx flash ), despite incorporating results from over 30 individual laboratory, theoretical, and field studies since the 1970s. Airborne and ground-based observations from the Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry experiment in May and June 2012 provide a new data set for calcul...

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAPDH) oxidase (NOX) is an enzyme complex with the sole function of producing superoxide anion and reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the expense of NADPH. Vital to the immune system as well as cellular signaling, NOX is also involved in the pathologies of a wide variety of disease states. Particularly, it is an integral player in many neurological dis...

The H-NOX (Heme-Nitric oxide/OXygen binding) family of diatomic gas sensing hemoproteins has attracted great interest. Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), the well-characterized eukaryotic nitric oxide (NO) sensor is an H-NOX family member. When NO binds sGC at the ferrous histidine-ligated protoporphyrin-IX, the proximal histidine ligand dissociates, resulting in a 5-coordinate (5c) complex; form...

In contrast with the textbook view of remote chemistry where HNO3 formation is the primary sink of nitrogen oxides, recent theoretical analyses show that formation of RONO2 (6ANs) from isoprene and other terpene precursors is the primary net chemical loss of nitrogen oxides over the remote continents where the concentration of nitrogen oxides is low. This then increases the prominence of questi...

Reactive oxygen species are ubiquitous signaling molecules in biological systems. Four members of the NADPH oxidase (Nox) enzyme family are important sources of reactive oxygen species in the vasculature: Nox1, Nox2, Nox4, and Nox5. Signaling cascades triggered by stresses, hormones, vasoactive agents, and cytokines control the expression and activity of these enzymes and of their regulatory su...

We tested the ability of a nitric oxide (NO) scavenger to reduce tissue injury in a rodent model of hemorrhagic shock. Rats were hemorrhaged to a mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) of 40 mmHg and then resuscitated when either 30% of their shed blood had been returned (group 1) or after 100 min of continuous shock (group 2). Selected animals were treated with the NO scavenger NOX (30 mg. kg(-1)....