Ratings on performance tasks from two scoring sessions of an eighth grade mathematics examination, developed by the California State Department of Education, were used (a) to study the feasibility of estimating IRT rater severity information within a scoring session, (b) to investigate the variation in rater severity within rating sessions (which we called rater drift), and (c) to examine the r...

PURPOSE The Upper Limb Physician's Rating Scale (ULPRS) is a tool that assesses movement quality of the upper limbs. It is used as an outcome measure after botulinum toxin type A injection in children with cerebral palsy (CP). This study aimed to investigate the reliability and validity of the ULPRS in children with spastic CP. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty children with spastic CP (M:F=17:13)...

Novice drivers (teen drivers with their solo license for six months or less) are at a greatly inflated risk of crashing. Post hoc analyses of police accident reports indicate that novice drivers fail to anticipate hazards, manage their speed, and maintain attention. These skills are much too broadly defined to be of much help in training. Recently, however, driving simulators have been used to ...

Abstract Due to subjectivity in oral assessment, much concentration has been put on obtaining a satisfactory measure of consistency among raters. However, the process for more might not result valid decisions. One matter that is at core both reliability and validity assessment rater training. Recently, multifaceted Rasch measurement (MFRM) adopted address problem bias inconsistency scoring; how...

Machine learning models are commonly used to detect toxicity in online conversations. These trained on datasets annotated by human raters. We explore how raters' self-described identities impact they annotate comments. first define the concept of Specialized Rater Pools: rater pools formed based identities, rather than at random. three such for this study - specialized raters from U.S. who iden...

The present study attempts to uncover language teachers’ beliefs about oral corrective feedback. It also explores the role of teachers’ experiences in their choice of error correction techniques. To achieve the purpose of the study, 137 foreign language teachers were asked to fill out the developed questionnaire and follow-up interviewed were conducted with 10 teachers, five novice and experien...

AbstractCalculation of a confidence interval for intraclass correlation to assess inter-rater reliability is problematic when the number of raters is small and the rater effect is not negligible. Intervals produced by existing methods are uninformative: the lower bound is often close to zero, even in cases where the reliability is good and the sample size is large. In this paper, we show that t...

The purpose of this study was to understand the cognitive processes and procedures employed by an expert and a novice engineer in a realistic radio frequency (RF) systems engineering design challenge by using verbal protocol analysis (VPA). The engineering design challenge encompassed engineering, political, and social constraints. The audio data were then transcribed, segmented, and coded for ...