Inspection data can be used to comprehend and plan effective maintenance of bridges. In particular, the year initial construction is one most important criteria for formulating plans, making budget allocations, estimating soundness. an survey bridges in Cambodia, it was concluded that only 54% 2439 surveyed known, with remaining 46% unknown. this research, Landsat satellite estimate these provi...

The construction year of road bridges plays an important role in bridge management systems. Based on the age and other factors, deterministic probabilistic deterioration models can be used to calculate rates predict future physical condition bridges. Two new techniques are proposed this manuscript for estimating by analyzing normalized difference water index 2 (NDWI_2). Technique 1 uses both ta...

The present study analyzes the seasonal variability of relationship between land surface temperature (LST) and normalized difference bareness index (NDBaI) on different use/land cover (LULC) in Raipur City, India by using sixty-five Landsat images four seasons (pre-monsoon, monsoon, post-monsoon, winter) 1991-1992, 1995-1996, 1999-2000, 2004-2005, 2009-2010, 2014-2015, 2018-2019. mono-window al...

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) were compared for monitoring live fuel moisture in a shrubland ecosystem. Both indices were calculated from 500 m spatial resolution Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) reflectance data covering a 33 month period from 2000 to 2002. Both NDVI and NDWI were positively correlated with live ...

because of large-scale dry regions, salt marsh monitoring is necessary using of remote sensing data's. the aim of this study is to monitor salt kashan using of satellite data's processing. therefore, the satellite images of lissiii sensor were used. initially, the technique of color composite images envi4.8 software was used to clearly distinguish salt. then, principal component analy...