The review presents the results of studies on pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and bioavailability new neurotropic dipeptide cyclo-Lprolilglycine (CPG) their pharmacological activity. It was shown that pharmacologically active metabolite nootropic drug noopept is an endogenous dipeptide, it a fragment terminal Tripeptide insulin-like nerve growth factor IGF-1. Much attention paid both in Russia ab...

This study investigated the effects of nicotine on memory and learning in adolescent and adult male Fischer-344 rats. Rats were given 0.2 mg/kg/day of either nicotine or saline chronically for 2 weeks and were tested in the Morris water maze as adolescents (Phase 1) and then again 4 months later as adults (Phase 2). There were 4 main groups: nicotine/nicotine, nicotine/saline, saline/nicotine, ...

Aniracetam is a nootropic drug that has been shown to selectively enhance quisqualate receptor-mediated responses in Xenopus oocytes injected with brain mRNA and in hippocampal pyramidal cells [Ito, I., Tanabe, S., Kohda, A. & Sugiyama, H. (1990) J. Physiol. (London) 424, 533-544]. We have used patch clamp recording techniques in hippocampal slices to elucidate the mechanism for this selective ...

In this paper we analyse some ethical and philosophical questions related to the development of memory enhancing drugs (MEDs) and anti-dementia drugs. The world of memory enhancement is coloured by utopian thinking and by the desire for quicker, sharper, and more reliable memories. Dementia is characterized by decline, fragility, vulnerability, a loss of the most important cognitive functions a...

Evidence suggests that expressed emotions (EEs) play a critical role in relapse in schizophrenia and adversely affect the long-term course of the disorder. In this paper we describe a method which is suitable for the objective assessment of EEs and associated psychopathological symptoms during direct family interactions. The patients and one of their family members participated in a 20-min inte...