This note derives the stationary behavior of idealized TCP congestion avoidance. More speciically, it derives the stationary distribution of the congestion window size if loss of packets are independent events with equal probability. The mathematical derivation uses a uid ow, continuous time, approximation to the discrete time process (W n), where W n is the congestion window after the n-th pac...

We investigate the thermodynamic properties of D-brane−anti-D-brane pairs and non-BPS D-branes on the basis of boundary string field theory. We calculate the finite temperature effective potential of N pairs of D-brane−anti-D-brane in the non-compact background and in the toroidal background. In the noncompact background case, a phase transition occurs slightly below the Hagedorn temperature, a...

We develop the stochastic approach to thermodynamics based on stochastic dynamics, which can be discrete (master equation) and continuous (Fokker-Planck equation), and on two assumptions concerning entropy. The first is the definition of entropy itself and the second the definition of entropy production rate, which is non-negative and vanishes in thermodynamic equilibrium. Based on these assump...

Stray magnetic field is one of the main issues in design of transformers, since it causes non-ideal behavior of transformers. One of the techniques is usually adopted to mitigate the unwanted stray magnetic field is the use of auxiliary windings creating a magnetic field opposite to the incident one giving rise to the reduction of the total magnetic fields. This paper presents a new mathematica...

The natural framework to discuss thermodynamics at the quantum level is the theory of open quantum systems. Memory effects arising from strong system-environment correlations may lead to information back-flow, that is non-Markovian behaviour. The relation between non-Markovianity and quantum thermodynamics has been until now largely unexplored. Here we show by means of Landauer's principle that...

We investigate a kinetic model for compressible non-ideal fluids. The imposes the local thermodynamic pressure through rescaling of particle’s velocities, which accounts both long- and short-range effects hence full consistency. is fully Galilean invariant treats mass, momentum, energy as conservation laws. analysis derivation hydrodynamic limit followed by assessment accuracy robustness benchm...

Tropospheric aerosols contain mixtures of inorganic salts, acids, water, and a large variety of organic compounds. Interactions between these substances in liquid mixtures lead to discrepancies from ideal thermodynamic behaviour. By means of activity coefficients, non-ideal behaviour can be taken into account. We present here a thermodynamic model named AIOMFAC (Aerosol InorganicOrganic Mixture...

We show that the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz equations for one-dimensional integrable many-body systems can be reinterpreted in such a way that they only code the statistical interactions, in the sense of Haldane, between particles of identical or different momenta. Thus, the thermodynamic properties of these systems can be characterized by the generalized ideal gases recently proposed by one of...