Introduction/purpose: Hydrogen is the most abundant element in universe (75 % by mass) and lightest (with a density of 0.00082 g/cm3 ) which consists only one proton electron. Because its presence many different forms such as gaseous hydrogen, plasma species, water, acid, alkaline, ammonia hydrocarbons, it has various applications industrial disciplines. Methods: Different hydrometallurgical py...

Presented is a methodology to explicitly identify and account for cloud-free satellite measurements below sensor’s measurement detection level. These low signals can often be found in observations of minor atmospheric species with weak spectral (e.g., ammonia (NH3)). Not accounting these non-detects high-bias averaged locations that exhibit conditions the limit sensor. The approach taken here u...

Self-tuning adaptive control technique has the advantage of being able to track the system operating conditions so that satisfactory control action can always be produced. Self-tuning algorithms can be implemented easily. Because the power systems are usually time varying non-linear systems and their parameters vary, adaptive controllers are very suitable for power systems. Characteristics of a...

in this article a graph theoretical approach is employed to study some specifications of dynamic systems with time delay in the inputs and states, such as structural controllability and observability. first, the zero and non-zero parameters of a proposed system have been determined, next the general structure of the system is presented by a graph which is constructed by non-zero parameters. the...