Reaction times to previously ignored information are often delayed, a phenomenon referred to as negative priming (NP). Rothermund et al. (2005) proposed that NP is caused by the retrieval of incidental stimulus-response associations when consecutive displays share visual features but require different responses. In two experiments we examined whether the features (color, shape) that reappear in...

In modern medicine, the placebo response or placebo effect has often been regarded as a nuisance in basic research and particularly in clinical research. The latest scientific evidence has demonstrated, however, that the placebo effect and the nocebo effect, the negative effects of placebo, stem from highly active processes in the brain that are mediated by psychological mechanisms such as expe...

OBJECTIVE This study investigated the impact of the social modeling of side effects following placebo medication ingestion on the nocebo and placebo effect. It also investigated whether medication branding (brand or generic labeling) moderated social modeling effects. METHOD Eighty-two university students took part in the study which was purportedly investigating the impact of fast-acting bet...

The paper describes a novel algorithm, inspired by the phenomenon of wisdom of crowds, for solving instances of NP-hard problems. The proposed approach achieves superior performance compared to the genetic algorithm-based approach and requires modest computational resources. On average, a 6%–9% improvement in quality of solutions has been observed.

Ignoring an object slows subsequent naming responses to it, a phenomenon known as negative priming (NP). A central issue in NP research concerns the level of representation at which the effect occurs. As object naming is typically considered to involve access to abstract semantic representations, Tipper 1985 proposed that the NP effect occurred at this level of processing, and other researchers...

In this paper, we have proved that in every underdetermined linear system Ax = b there corresponds a constant p∗(A, b) > 0 such that every solution to the lp-norm minimization problem also solves the l0-norm minimization problem whenever 0 < p < p∗(A, b). This phenomenon is named NP/CMP equivalence.

FREE Full Text 6. ↵ Andrews G (2001) Placebo response in depression: bane of research, boon to therapy. Br J Psychiatry 178: 192-194. FREE Full Text 7. ↵ Apkarian AV, Sosa Y, Sonty S, Levy RM, Harden RN, Parrish TB, Gitelman DR (2004) Chronic back pain is associated with decreased prefrontal and thalamic gray matter density. J Neurosci 24: 10410-10415. Abstract/FREE Full Text 8. ↵ Bao S, Chan V...

Accounts of clause-level phenomena such as inversion and obviation (Aissen 1997, 1999) make crucial reference to the relative ranking of two arguments, subject and direct object, on a person/animacy/discourse hierarchy. Are such pair-wise comparisons ever required within the NP? O’Connor (1999a,b) proposed an analysis of NP-internal case-marking of possessors in Northern Pomo that paralleled Ai...

Pharmacogenetic testing holds great promise to improve health outcomes and reduce adverse drug responses through enhanced selection of therapeutic agents. Since drug responses can be manipulated by verbal suggestions, it is of particular interest to understand the potential impact of pharmacogenetic test results on drug response. Placebo and nocebo-like effects may be possible due to the sugges...