An enzyme component that hydrolyzes pNP-G2 but not CMC has been isolated from a culture broth of Cellvibrio gilvus by a multi-step procedure involving Butyl-Toyopearl, DEAE-Toyopearl, and CM-Toyopearl chromatographies. The purified enzyme gave a single protein band on native, SDS-, and IEF-PAGE. The enzyme had a molecular weight of 40,000, an isoelectric point of 5.0, an optimum pH of 6.5, and ...

A microbial biosensor consisting of a dissolved oxygen electrode modified with the genetically engineered PNP-degrader Moraxella sp. displaying organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) on the cell surface for sensitive, selective, rapid and direct determination of p-nitrophenyl (PNP)-substituted organophosphates (OPs) is reported. Surface-expressed OPH works in tandem with the PNP oxidation machinery o...

A standard assay for measuring alkaline phosphatase activity is detecting the production of nitrophenol from the artificial substrate p-nitrophenol phosphate. Nitrophenol absorbs light at 420 nm, which provides a convenient detection method. However, the absorbance of nitrophenol varies with pH. This variation complicates the use of the colorimetric assay to study the pH-dependence of alkaline ...

We have examined the expression of pnp encoding the 3'-5'-exoribonuclease, polynucleotide phosphorylase, in Streptomyces antibioticus. We show that the rpsO-pnp operon is transcribed from at least two promoters, the first producing a readthrough transcript that includes both pnp and the gene for ribosomal protein S15 (rpsO) and a second, Ppnp, located in the rpsO-pnp intergenic region. Unlike t...

We studied 12 peripheral neuropathy patients (PNP) and 13 age-matched controls with the "broken escalator" paradigm to see how somatosensory loss affects gait adaptation and the release and recovery ("braking") of the forward trunk overshoot observed during this locomotor aftereffect. Trunk displacement, foot contact signals, and leg electromyograms (EMGs) were recorded while subjects walked on...

AIMS Phrenic nerve palsy (PNP) is still a cause for concern in Cryoballoon ablation (CBA) procedures. New surveillance techniques, such as invasive registration of the compound motor action potential (CMAP), have been thought to prevent the occurrence of PNP. The present study investigates the impact of CMAP surveillance via an alternative and non-invasive ECG-conduction technique during CBA. ...

Polymer nano-particles (PNPs) with a near-infrared (NIR) light absorption were prepared by the nano-emulsion method to develop contrast agents for photo-acoustic (PA) imaging. The PNP containing silicon naphthalocyanine showed a high absorption coefficient up to 10(10) M(-1) cm(-1). This is comparable to plasmonic gold nano-particles, which have been studied as PA contrast agents. For the PNP l...

Genetic deficiency of human purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) causes T-cell immunodeficiency. The enzyme is therefore a target for autoimmunity disorders, tissue transplant rejection and T-cell malignancies. Transition state analysis of bovine PNP led to the development of immucillin-H (ImmH), a powerful inhibitor of bovine PNP but less effective for human PNP. The transition state of human...

Phytopathogenic fungi penetrate plants by breaking down the cuticular barrier with cutinase. Cutinases are extracellular hydrolytic enzymes that degrade cutin, a polyester composed of hydroxy and epoxy fatty acids. Until now, cutinase has been recognized by its ability to release labeled cutin monomers or by a non-specific esterase assay based on the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl esters of short ...