The northwestern Pacific, characterized by unique tectonic and hydrological settings, has greatly intrigued marine phylogeographers. However, current studies mostly focus on the influence of Pleistocene isolation of sea basins in population structure of species in the region, leaving the contribution of other factors (such as freshwater outflow and environmental gradients) largely unexploited. ...

Field observations of instantaneous water surface slopes in the swash zone are presented. For free-surface flows with a hydrostatic pressure distribution the surface slope is equivalent to the horizontal pressure gradient. Observations were made using a novel technique which in its simplest form consists of a horizontal stringline extending seaward from the beach face. Visual observation, still...

The application of environmental fragility in studies evaluating watersheds can guide policy decisions on monitoring and land use management, improving water quality for public supply. aim this study is to characterize the supply relate it factors. Physical, chemical, microbiological data associated with were measured nine rivers. Landscape features used calculate fragility, such as slope, soil...

We present a numerical method for calculating inhomogeneous refractive index fields in rectangular gradient-index (GRIN) elements from measured boundary positions and slopes of a collection of rays that transit the medium. The inverse problem is reduced to a set of linear algebraic equations after approximating ray trajectories from the measured boundary values and is solved using a pseudo-inve...

In order to estimate proper current land price, various factors such as environment, communication, regulation of land use and so on are established by local government. Road slope is one of the land price factors for land form, and land price is corrected by road slope aspect based on road slope for the north. For example, road slope aspect is corrected so that land price face to northern slop...

We reviewed the M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiograms of 100 consecutive patients with rheumatic heart disease. All were subsequently studied by cardiac catheterization and angiography. In four patients, cardiac catheterization showed tricuspid stenosis (average mean diastolic gradient 6.2 mm Hg), which was confirmed during cardiac surgery. M-mode echocardiography showed a diminished EF sl...

Community similarity is the proportion of species richness in a region that is shared on average among communities within that region. The slope of local richness (alpha diversity) regressed on regional richness (gamma diversity) can serve as an index of community similarity across regions with different regional richness. We examined community similarity in corals at three spatial scales (amon...

The morphological connected slope filters (MCSFs) are studied as gray level transformations, and two contributions are made on these operators with the purpose of modifying the gradient criterion performance. The proposals consist of: (a) the introduction of three weighting functions and (b) the application of a displacement parameter. The displacement parameter will permit the image segmentati...

OBJECTIVE To quantify the activation of the paraspinalis muscles (multifidus and erector spinae) at different walking velocities and slope with surface electromyography. METHODS This study was a prospective experimental study involving ten healthy male participants. Surface electrodes were placed over the multifidus and erector spinae muscles at the L5 and L3 level. After the electrode was pl...