PURPOSE To describe the clinical and imaging features of seven patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and an exceptional number of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). METHODS One hundred thirty-six patients from a dedicated hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia clinic were screened systematically for cerebral AVMs by means of MR imaging. Thirty-one were found to have abn...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Spinal arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare but debilitating lesions of the central nervous system. This study evaluated the outcome in patients with spinal AVMs treated surgically, and the relationship between outcome and the vascular anatomy of the lesions. METHODS These AVMs were classified into four types: dural AVM (type I), glomus AVM (type II), juvenile AV...

Perimedullary arteriovenous fistula (AVF) shunts occur on the spinal cord surface and can be treated surgically or by endovascular embolization. In contrast, the nidus of an intramedullary arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is located in the spinal cord and is difficult to treat surgically or by endovascular techniques. The benefits of radiotherapy for treating intramedullary AVM have been publis...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a safe and effective treatment for small arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), the use of this modality for the treatment of large AVMs is still controversial, although it has been used in difficult cases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the treatment outcomes of patients who underwent single-stage SRS for large AVMs and to discuss t...

Escherichia coli is commonly isolated from the urine of kidney stone patients and has been observed to be embedded within the nidus of calcium oxalate kidney stones. A possible association between urinary tract infections and calcium oxalate crystallogenesis was investigated using an agarose plate assay. Calcium oxalate crystallization was observed to be directly proportional to the density of ...

Treatment of brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVMs) often requires a multitechnique approach. We present 2 cases of BAVM, in which initial stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) was successful in obliterating a significant volume of the nidus. At follow-up angiography, residual fistulas were identified and selectively embolized; this procedure cured the lesions. Many series describe initial emboliz...

Low attenuation of the cerebral white matter occurs with oedema and demyelination. When unilateral or asymmetrical it is usually due to a tumour, granuloma or abscess. The nidus responsible for the vasogenic oedema can be demonstrated after contrast enhancement. Bilateral demyelination occurs especially with viral infections such as herpes simplex encephalitis and progressive multifocal leukoen...

Peripheral vascular malformations (VMs) are complex and diverse vascular lesions which require individualized pretreatment planning. Pretreatment imaging using various modalities, especially magnetic resonance imaging and time-resolved magnetic resonance angiography, is a valuable tool for classifying peripheral VMs to allow proper diagnosis, demonstrate complete extent, identify the nidus, and...

Dropped gallstones due to accidental perforation of gallbladder wall during laparoscopic cholecystectomy are often encountered. However, dropped gallstones as nidus of infection with subsequent abscess formation is a rare complication of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (0.3%). Most of the reported cases of complicated dropped stones required open surgical drainage. Minimally invasive measures were...

tion using a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). For structure or angioarchitecture examination of AVM, the structure of its nidus must be defined accurately which may be achieved only by selective angiography. Finally, an impeccable microcatheter embolization must be carried out. Various topographic and angiographic factors are very important for choosing either surgical or endovascular treatmen...