Background: Smoking is a human behavior that has very bad impact on health. Mortality and morbidity due to smoking cannot be under­estimated. Non-communicable diseases become high among smokers, such as diabetes, reduced fertility, coronary heart disease, countless health complications. This study aims analyze the effect of use nicotine gum success cessation based number previous similar studie...

Smoking is predisposed by social, environmental and genetic factors including variation in CYP2A6, CYP2D and CYP2B6, which encode nicotine and codeine metabolizing enzymes. In early adolescence, CYP2A6-induced slow nicotine metabolism was related with higher dependence and reduced cigarette consumption. Our commentary has fully extended prior work illustrating that slow nicotine metabolism medi...

Background: Nicotine is a substance that can induce oxidative stress in the testes. And thus may reduce fertility in men. Antioxidant supplements such as curcumin can reduce oxidative stress and thus may increase fertility in men. Since the most active component responsible for the yellow color of turmeric and curcumin has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Therefore this study inves...

BACKGROUND The development of drug dependence requires prior initiation. What is the relationship between the risk factors for initiation and dependence? METHODS Using smoking as a model addiction, we assessed smoking initiation (SI) and nicotine dependence (ND) by personal interview in 1898 female twins from the population-based Virginia Twin Registry. We developed a twin structural equation...

Much evidence indicates that individuals use tobacco primarily to experience the psychopharmacological properties of nicotine and that a large proportion of smokers eventually become dependent on nicotine. In humans, nicotine acutely produces positive reinforcing effects, including mild euphoria, whereas a nicotine abstinence syndrome with both somatic and affective components is observed after...

How different regimens of nicotine administration and withdrawal affect systemic inflammation is largely unknown. We studied the effects of chronic and acute nicotine administration and of nicotine withdrawal on the outcome of aseptic and septic systemic inflammation. Male C57BL/6 mice were implanted with subcutaneous osmotic pumps (to deliver nicotine) and intrabrain telemetry probes (to measu...

Varenicline, a partial agonist of alpha(4)beta(2) nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, is the most recently approved drug for smoking cessation. This paper reviews the outcomes of Phase 2 and Phase 3 clinical trials that assess the efficacy of varenicline in comparison to placebo and other smoking cessation pharmacotherapies, ie, sustained-release bupropion (bupropion SR) and nicotine transdermal...

BACKGROUND According to a World Health Organization (WHO) report, the prevalence of smoking in Iranian individuals aged 15-64 is up to 12%. OBJECTIVE The aim of the current study was to determine the durability of smoking cessation behavior based on a trans-theoretical model. METHODS This educational experimental study was conducted on smokers in Khomein City, Iran, in 2015. Sampling was do...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the degree of tobacco addiction and identify independently associated factors by comparing the psychiatric population of secondary and tertiary care with the general population of the primary healthcare network. METHOD This is a cross-sectional epidemiological study, conducted in a municipality of São Paulo, with 134 smokers of a Mental Health Outpatient Unit (MHOU), a P...