Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory disease of central nervous system classically characterized by acute, severe episodes of optic neuritis and longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis, usually with a relapsing course. The identification of an autoantibody exclusively detected in NMO patients against aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) has allowed identification of cases beyond the classical phen...

BACKGROUND Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is characterized by optic neuritis and longitudinally extensive acute transverse myelitis. The brain is generally considered healthy in NMO, though very recent studies have demonstrated that magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities may be observed in various brain regions of NMO patients. To date, cognitive functions have never been investigated in NMO. O...

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a condition characterized by attacks of severe bilateral optic neuritis and myelitis. Historically, the prototypic syndrome was diagnosed only when these symptoms occurred nearly simultaneously as a monophasic illness. However, a contemporary view acknowledges that most commonly this condition is a relapsing disorder characterized by recurrent attacks, usually of u...

OBJECTIVE Inflammation of the optic nerve (optic neuritis) and its sheath (optic perineuritis) can have similar initial clinical presentations. They are less well-defined in the Chinese than in Caucasians, and the aetiology of optic neuritis may also differ depending on ethnicity. The aim of our study was to document the clinical features of acute/subacute optic neuritis/optic perineuritis in C...

Introduction: Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory central nervous system (CNS) disorder which predominately affects the optic nerves, chiasm, tract and spinal cord. Both symptomatic and asymptomatic brain lesions have been reported. We describe a patient with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) with suspected prior thoracic cord ependymoma and unusual radiological picture. ...

1Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea 2Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, South Korea 3Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea 4Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology...

Antibody treatment for multiple sclerosis and neuromyeitis optica Takashi Yamamura, M.D. Department of Immunology, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP Multiple Sclerosis Center, NCNP (Clin Neurol 2011;51:1156)

BACKGROUND Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a severe demyelinating disease defined principally by its tendency to selectively affect optic nerves and the spinal cord causing recurrent attacks of blindness and paralysis. Contemporary diagnostic criteria require absence of clinical disease outside the optic nerve or spinal cord. We have, however, frequently encountered patients with a well-establish...

MOG antibody disorder presenting as a combined central and peripheral demyelination (CCPD) is uncommon. CCPD has been associated with other primary syndromes such multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica or chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Here, the authors describe diagnosis management of 21-year-old female historically sequential plaques in her right thalamus, cervical cord,...