Alzheimer disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease that leads to the decline in the cognition in elderly people (>65 years of age). Deposition of senile plaques (of amyloid β) and neurofibrillary tangles (of hyperphosphorylated tau) are the typical hallmarks of the disease. AD significantly contributes to the worldwide dementia, which is 46.8 million in 2015 and estimated to 131.5 mi...

The olfactory bulbs have been examined in patients with Alzheimer's disease and compared with those in elderly undemented and younger undemented control patients. In Alzheimer's disease neurofibrillary tangles were found in the anterior olfactory nucleus but not elsewhere in the olfactory bulb. Cell loss in the anterior olfactory nucleus was also found in Alzheimer's disease. It is clear that t...

Slowly progressive apraxia due to Alzheimer's disease was encountered in a 66 year old, right handed man whose initial impairments included coordinated movements of the left hand and some features of the alien hand syndrome. Over four years, the patient developed progressively worsening deficits of memory and language. A biopsy of his right temporal lobe showed numerous plaques and neurofibrill...

Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common adult form of dementia.1 It is an age-associated neurodegenerative disorder pathologically characterized by the abnormal accumulation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and extra cellular amyloid plaques in selected brain regions. Donepezil is a cholinesterase inhibitor currently being used in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease is m...

Alzheimer’s disease is neurodegenerative disease mainly characterized by cognitive impairment. Neuron and synapse loss together with neurotransmitter dysfunction have, along with Abdeposition and neurofibrillary tangles, been recognized as hallmarks of AD. However, there is still no a curative treatment for this devastating disease due to complexity of the pathophysiology of the disease. This a...

It has been more than 10 years since it was first proposed that the neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) may be caused by deposition of amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) in plaques in brain tissue. According to the amyloid hypothesis, accumulation of Abeta in the brain is the primary influence driving AD pathogenesis. The rest of the disease process, including formation of neurofibrillary t...

Two patients with levodopa-responsive Parkinson's syndrome had numerous cortical and striatal senile plaques and some neurofibrillary tangles at necropsy. In addition neurons in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra were severely depleted but there were no Lewy bodies or other neuropathological changes to account for parkinsonism. Neither patient was demented. These pathological findings ha...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline with loss of memory, speech, and executive function. The neuropathological features of AD include the formation of neuritic plaques due to the deposition of beta-amyloid protein and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) represents a transitional state betw...