traumatic brain injury (tbi) is described by a disruption in the normal function of the brain due to an injury following a trauma, which can potentially cause severe physical, cognitive, and emotional impairment. the use of human stem cells and self-assembling peptide scaffolds suggest huge potential for application in the treatment of tbi. in the present study, we surveyed the beneficial effec...

Numerous studies have shown the positive effects of rosmarinic acid on the nervous system. Rosmarinic acid as a herbal compound with anti-inflammatory effects can prevent the destructive effect of inflammation on the nervous system. Furthermore, various studies have emphasized the advantages of three dimensional (3D) culture over the two dimensional (2D) culture of cells. In this study, thermos...

Introduction: The p19 line of embryonal carcinoma cells develops into neurons, astroglia and fibroblasts after aggregation and exposure to retinoic acid (RA). Dehydroepiandroesteron (DHEA) is a neurosteroid, can increase proliferation of human neural stem cell (NSC) and positively regulated the number of neurons produced. This study was initiated to assess the effect of DHEA on neural progenito...

The discovery in the year 2000 that radial glial cells act as neural stem and progenitor cells in development has led to a change in the concept of neural stem cells in the adult brain. Not only are adult stem cells in the neurogenic niches glial in nature, but also glial cells outside these niches display greater potential when reacting to brain injury. Thus, a concept that emerged from develo...

Neural stem cells reside in a specialized vascular microenvironment that is termed “neural stem cell niche”, Brain vessels are the most important element in the NSC niche and paly an important role in balancing NSC’s maintenance and differentiation in order to maintain tissue homeostasis. In this study, we developed reconstituted 3D in vitro neural stem cell-vascular niche that consists of extr...

There is growing evidence that gene amplifications are an attribute of normal cells during development and differentiation. During neural progenitor cell differentiation half of the genome is involved in amplification process. To answer the question how specific amplifications occur at different stages and in different lineages of differentiation we analyzed the genes CDK4, MDM2, EGFR, GINS2, G...

The spontaneous expression of neural markers, already demonstrated in bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), has been considered as evidence of the MSCs' predisposition to differentiate toward neural lineages, supporting their use in stem cell-based therapy for neural repair. In this study we have evaluated, by immunocytochemistry, immunoblotting, and flow cytometry experiments, the ex...