This paper studies multi-tier supply chain networks in the presence of disruption risk. Firms decide how to source their inputs from upstream suppliers so as to maximize their expected profits, and prices of intermediate goods are set so that markets clear. We provide an explicit characterization of equilibrium prices and profits, which allows us to derive insights on how the network structure,...

Hao Song, Chun-Chung Chen, ∗ Jyh-Jang Sun, Pik-Yin Lai, 3 and Chi Keung Chan 3 Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan 115, R.O.C. Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany Department of Physics and Center for Complex Systems, National Central University, Chungli, Taiw...

The identification of emergent structures in dynamical systems is a major challenge in complex systems science. In particular, the formation of intermediate-level dynamical structures is of particular interest for what concerns biological as well as artificial network models. In this work, we present a new technique aimed at identifying clusters of nodes in a network that behave in a coherent a...

Part of the unique cultural heritage of China is the Chinese couplet. Given a sentence (namely an antecedent clause), people reply with another sentence (namely a subsequent clause) equal in length. Moreover, a special phenomenon is that corresponding characters from the same position in the two clauses match each other by following certain constraints on semantic and/or syntactic relatedness. ...

We recall the basic idea of an algebraic approach to learning Bayesian network (BN) structure, namely to represent every BN structure by a certain (uniquely determined) vector, called standard imset. The main result of the paper is that the set of standard imsets is the set of vertices (= extreme points) of a certain polytope. Motivated by the geometric view, we introduce the concept of the geo...

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This paper studies the properties of single, double and N2R ring network structures during link errors. The structure of the network infrastructure must be redesigned in order to fulfil the requirements of services using the Internet in the future; hence, N2R structures have been suggested. N2R structures are found to be superior regarding network properties compared to the other more tradition...