Eighteen crossbred goats were selected from the Institute’s goat herd to determine the changes in hormones, blood metabolites and yield and composition of milk during lactation. The blood and milk samples were collected from each goat in a heparinized vacutainer tubes at fortnightly interval for a period of 150 days. In milk samples, fat, protein and lactose contents were estimated while in blo...

Through maternal effects, information about environmental conditions experienced in the maternal generation can be transmitted to subsequent generations. Although maternal effects have been described and quantified in many mammalian species, the underlying causal links are often under-studied. The close association between mother and neonate during the extended period of lactation in mammals pr...

It is not acceptable to compromise animal welfare in any system of farming. Feeding should be aimed at meeting the nutritional requirements at the various stages of production. This paper deals with the detrimental effects that organic, extensive or low input farming systems may have on the energy status in early lactation of the high potential dairy cow. Bovine ketosis is the most important di...

The integration and the effective use of all available energy resourpces are possible only under a global view of the power systems. A holistic approach of the power system control, which includes all voltage levels from high to low voltage and the corresponding commercial model, is represented in the following.

Ten Large White x Landrace sows were used to measure changes during lactation of composition of the milk. Milk composition on day 5, 12, 19 and 26 of lactation included 195.7, 192.2, 185.4 and 184.1 g of dry matter kg, 59.3, 55.8, 55.1 and 54.8 g of crude protein kg and 1.3, 1.18, 1.16 and 1.17 Mcal of gross energy kg, respectively. Dry matter, crude protein and gross energy levels in the milk ...

Four fistulated Holstein cows were arranged in a 4 x 4 Latin square design to study the effects of level and type of energy source on milk yield and composition. Treatments consisted of a basal diet fed alone (low energy treatment) or with 3.3 Mcal of net energy for lactation from extra nutrients perfused either into the rumen (either propionic acid or a mixture of volatile fatty acids) or into...

Sixty-four Large White x Landrace primiparous sows were utilized to evaluate the influence of feeding 6 vs 9 Mcal ME/d during gestation on reproductive performance. The sows remained on their respective gestation diets for four parities if they successfully farrowed, rebred and conceived. Sows fed 9 Mcal ME/d gained more weight (P less than .05) through the gestation period during parities 1 an...

Feeding fats to dairy cows has become increasingly popular primarily for two reasons: 1. Supplemental fat can be used to increase the energy concentration of diets for highproducing cows. During early lactation, highproducing cows cannot consume enough feed to meet their energy needs. Fats are fed to cows: • to prevent them from losing too much weight, • to shorten the time frame during which t...

Limits to sustained energy intake (SusEI) are important because they constrain many aspects of animal performance. Individual variability in SusEI may be imposed by genetic factors that are inherited from parents to offspring. Here, we investigated heritability of reproductive performance in MF1 mice. Food intake, milk energy output (MEO) and litter mass were measured in mothers (F0) and daught...