Payment systems are one of the key Financial Market Infrastructures (FMIs) and have showed remarkable progress over the past two decades. The first half of this chapter focuses on the evolutionary process of payment systems, starting with the Deferred Net Settlement (DNS) system and progressing to the RealTime Gross Settlement (RTGS) system. Subsequently, much more sophisticated payment systems...

Any industry has its own supply chain where it is not necessary to have all stages in the supply chain and the optimal o rdering policies of those indiv idual stages may be different. This paper p resents an extension of two–level supply chain inventory model d iscussed in related works. The main consideration of this paper is to determine the optimal ordering policy according to inventory and ...

Payment systems are one of the key Financial Market Infrastructures (FMIs) and have showed remarkable progress over the past two decades. The first half of this chapter focuses on the evolutionary process of payment systems, starting with the Deferred Net Settlement (DNS) system and progressing to the RealTime Gross Settlement (RTGS) system. Subsequently, much more sophisticated payment systems...

This paper develops Fuzzy inventory model to determine the relevant profit maximizing decision variable values. The model proposed is based on individual profits of vendor and buyer and joint total profit of them which finds out optimal ordering quantity, selling price and shipment policies. Shortages are allowed for both of them. Production rate, ordering quantity, shortage and holding cost of...

In 1996 a project was undertaken to determine the clinical impact of blood cultures taken in the emergency department. It found that 1.6% of all blood cultures taken resulted in changes in patient management. In response to these findings, guidelines were developed for more appropriate utilisation of blood cultures. It was predicted that the guidelines would result in a reduction in test orderi...

This paper deals with the Heterogeneous Fleet Vehicle Routing Problem (HFVRP). The HFVRP is N P-hard since it is a generalization of the classical Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP), in which clients are served by a heterogeneous fleet of vehicles with distinct capacities and costs. The objective is to design a set of routes in such a way that the sum of the costs is minimized. The proposed algorith...

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) management is increasingly concentrated in units with expertise in the condition leading to substantial improvement in outcomes. Such units often employ nurses with a specialised interest in IBD with enhancements in care reflecting in part the promotion of more efficient use of medical and hospital services by this role. However, the relative contributions of nu...

Abstract The present study is to conduct a Techno-economic Assessment of 5-7 kW Porous Radiant Burner (PRB) – based LPG cook-stove operating in eateries and restaurants. Process flow has been performed primarily understand the technological process involved PRB also estimate cost manufacturing. estimation done considering direct costs such as material labor costs, indirect factory works adminis...

Several optimization problems require finding a permutation of a given set of items that minimizes a certain cost function. These problems are naturally modelled in graph-theory terms by introducing a complete digraph G = (V, A) whose vertices v ∈ V := {1, · · · , n} correspond to the n items to be sorted. Depending on the cost function to be be used, different optimization problems can be defi...

With the advancement in electronics technology, number of pins under the ball grid array (BGA) are increasing on reduced size components. In small size components, a challenging task is to solve the escape routing problem where BGA pins escape towards the component boundary. It is often desirable to perform ordered simultaneous escape routing (SER) to facilitate area routing and produce elegant...