We establish optimal bounds on the number of nested propagation steps in k-consistency tests. It is known that local consistency algorithms such as arc-, pathand k-consistency are not efficiently parallelizable. Their inherent sequential nature is caused by long chains of nested propagation steps, which cannot be executed in parallel. This motivates the question “What is the minimum number of n...

Using a new representation theorem for additive cost sharing methods as sums of path methods, we show that many of the standard additive cost sharing methods (Aumann-Shapley, Shapley Shubik, and Serial Cost) are consistent. These results follow directly from a simple suucient condition for consistency: being generated by associative paths, which can be used to show consistency for many other me...

This paper presents an analysis of mixes and dummy traffic policies, which are building blocks of anonymous services. The goal of the paper is to bring together all the issues related to the analysis and design of mix networks. We discuss continuous and pool mixes, topologies for mix networks and dummy traffic policies. We point out the advantages and disadvantages of design decisions for mixes...

This study examines the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on stock market volatility for indices a few MENA countries. The analysis consists several elements: first, we assess this infectious disease standard deviations variables; second, analyze influence number new daily cases and deaths these returns; third, coronavirus variables using GARCH models. We find that minimum value most occurred in Marc...

Revisiting Inter-Industry Wage Differentials and the Gender Wage Gap: An Identification Problem We propose a measure of the industrial gender wage gap which is free from an identification problem by using inter-industry wage differentials, or industrial wage premia. We draw on a recent literature showing that a normalized regression equation can be used to resolve the identification problem in ...

This empirical study attempts to verify non-linearity relationships among three quality dimensions and user satisfaction from the DeLone and McLean IS Success Model. We use survey data from Agriculture integrated eXcellence systems (AgriX) users and a multiple regression analysis with dummy variables to analyze separately high and low performance groups. Results from the analysis suggest that i...

In this note we point out that in panel models which include an attribute variable together with fixed effects, circumventing the dummy variable trap by an arbitrary zero restriction straightly leads to serious misinterpretations. As an example we consider the widely cited paper by Kalyanaram and Urban (1992) on the impact of order of market entry on the market share. We show that their major f...

The second of two targets (T2) embedded in a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVSVP) is often missed even though the first (T1) is correctly reported (attentional blink). The rate of correct T2 identification is quite high, however, when T2 comes immediately after T1 (lag-1 sparing). This study investigated whether and how non-target items induce lag-1 sparing. One T1 and two T2s comprising l...