Nematode stomas vary widely in the cuticular structures evolved for different feeding strategies, yet the arrangement of the epithelial cell classes that form these structures may be conserved. This article addresses several issues that have impeded the full acceptance of this hypothesis including controversies arising from the structure of the Caenorhabditis elegans stoma. We investigated fluo...

Insertional mutagenesis of Arabidopsis ecotype C24 was used to identify a novel mutant, designated wax2, that had alterations in both cuticle membrane and cuticular waxes. Arabidopsis mutants with altered cuticle membrane have not been reported previously. Compared with the wild type, the cuticle membrane of wax2 stems weighed 20.2% less, and when viewed using electron microscopy, it was 36.4% ...

Localization of insect molting chitinase in the old Truman’s terminology. An additional check to assure cuticle of pharate Munduca pupae has recently been that the pharate pupae analyzed were developing at reported from this laboratory [l] . It was shown that comparable rates was afforded by the fact that events highly active chitinase is held tenaciously in the cuticle late in the pupal molt, ...

in order to investigate the biodiversity of plant parasitic nematodes of vegetable fields in mashhad area, 51 soil and root samples were collected during 2010-2011. nematodes were extracted by centrifugal flotation technique and transferred to glycerin according to the modified de grisse method (1969). the permanent slides were prepared from the extracted nematodes. the nematodes were identifie...

In the course of this study more than 20 proteins have been isolated from the larval cuticle of Manduca sexta. Synthesis, secretion, transport and accumulation of four particular proteins, representative members of four characteristic groups, were followed during metamorphosis by immunoblot and immuncytochemical methods and are described in detail in this paper. We established that only some of...

Many insects with smooth adhesive pads can rapidly enlarge their contact area by centripetal pulls on the legs, allowing them to cope with sudden mechanical perturbations such as gusts of wind or raindrops. The short time scale of this reaction excludes any neuromuscular control; it is thus more likely to be caused by mechanical properties of the pad's specialized cuticle. This soft cuticle con...

Nematode-suppressive soils are characterized by the ability of soil microbial communities to reduce populations plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN) either directly or inducing systemic resistance in plants. Various microorganisms have been recognized as antagonists PPN suppressive using culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. However, associations that form with nematode-conducive poorly...

The expansion of aerial organs in plants is coupled with the synthesis and deposition of a hydrophobic cuticle, composed of cutin and waxes, which is critically important in limiting water loss. While the abiotic stress-related hormone abscisic acid (ABA) is known to up-regulate wax accumulation in response to drought, the hormonal regulation of cuticle biosynthesis during organ ontogeny is poo...