It is well established that neighbourhood quality is related to various aspects of people’s health and coping, especially in old age. There have also been a few reports on the links between self-reported neighbourhood quality and quality of life in older age. However, it is not clear which aspects of quality of life in particular are related to neighbourhood quality and whether these associatio...

INTRODUCTION The objectives of this study were to examine relationships between neighbourhood-level and individual-level characteristics and physical activity in deprived London neighbourhoods. METHODS In 40 of the most deprived neighbourhoods in London (ranked in top 11% in London by Index of Multiple Deprivation) a cross-sectional survey (n = 4107 adults aged > = 16 years), neighbourhood au...

BACKGROUND Some research concerned with place and health has used the study of opportunity structures in neighbourhoods to understand how place might get under the skin. It has become somewhat common to assume that objective indicators of opportunity structures are in some way equivalent to people's access to them. The general objective of this study, therefore, was to evaluate the level of con...

Let G = (V, E) be a graph. A subset D of V is called common neighbourhood dominating set (CN-dominating set) if for every v ∈ V −D there exists a vertex u ∈ D such that uv ∈ E(G) and |Γ(u, v)| > 1, where |Γ(u, v)| is the number of common neighbourhood between the vertices u and v. The minimum cardinality of such CN-dominating set denoted by γcn(G) and is called common neighbourhood domination n...

BACKGROUND This study examines associations between perceptions of neighbourhood environment and physical activity and sports within Portuguese adolescents. METHODS The sample consisted of 4,877 individuals of both genders, with an average age of 14 years. The instrument used was the Health Behavior School-aged Children questionnaire. RESULTS Perceptions of the neighbourhood being unsafe fo...

This study examined how the health of Dutch residents in 2012 was influenced by changes in neighbourhood social cohesion, disorder, and unsafety feelings between 2009 and 2011. Multilevel regression analyses on repeated cross-sectional survey data included 43,635 respondents living in 2100 areas. Deteriorating social cohesion and unsafety feelings were negatively associated with general health,...

Neighbourhood-level socioeconomic composition and built context are correlates of weight-related behaviours. We investigated the relations between objective measures of neighbourhood design and socioeconomic status (SES) and their interaction, in relation to self-reported waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio, and body mass index (BMI) in a sample of Canadian adults (n = 851 from 12 Calg...

STUDY OBJECTIVE This study examined the prevalence of body dissatisfaction as a function of individual level and neighbourhood level indicators of affluence. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING A subset of data from a larger random digit dialling telephone survey was used to obtain individual level data on body dissatisfaction, body weight and height, and income from a group of 895 adult women (age 24-5...

Six major challenges confront statistical researchers attempting to quantify accurately the independent effect of neighbourhood context on individuals: (1) defining the scale of neighbourhood; (2) identifying mechanisms of neighbourhood effect; (3) measuring appropriate neighbourhood characteristics; (4) measuring exposure to neighbourhood; (5) measuring appropriate individual characteristics; ...

The Service Network Design Problem (SNDP) is generally considered as a fundamental problem in transportation logistics and involves the determination of an efficient transportation network and corresponding schedules. The problem is extremely challenging due to the complexity of the constraints and the scale of real-world applications. Therefore, efficient solution methods for this problem are ...