CONTEXT Negative symptoms are a core feature of schizophrenia, but their pathogenesis remains unclear. Negative symptoms are defined by the absence of normal function. However, there must be a productive mechanism that leads to this absence. OBJECTIVE To test a reinforcement learning account suggesting that negative symptoms result from a failure in the representation of the expected value of...

In the course of evolution, genomes are shaped by processes like gene loss, gene duplication, horizontal gene transfer, and gene genesis (the de novo origin of genes). Here we reconstruct the gene content of ancestral Archaea and Proteobacteria and quantify the processes connecting them to their present day representatives based on the distribution of genes in completely sequenced genomes. We e...

This paper adopts the two-sector overlapping generation (OLG) model to capture the impact of population ageing on the regional economy and compares the effectiveness of government policy in an endogenous growth perspective. Comparing the computational results of a one-sector OLG model, where agent’s productivity is given exogenously, this paper confirms that endogenously determined investment i...

In this paper we investigate using multiple mappings for transfer learning in reinforcement learning tasks. We propose two different transfer learning algorithms that are able to manipulate multiple inter-task mappings for both model-learning and model-free reinforcement learning algorithms. Both algorithms incorporate mechanisms to select the appropriate mappings, helping to avoid the phenomen...

The cross section for U+ production from the reaction gp→p+K−U+, which was observed in the CLAS experiment at the Jefferson National Laboratory, is evaluated in a hadronic model that includes couplings of U+ to both KN and K*N. With their coupling constants determined from the empirical pNNs1710d and rNNs1710d coupling constants using the SU(3) symmetry, the cross section for this reaction has ...

We investigated the nature of the memory mechanisms underlying cognitive bias modification by applying Jacoby's (1991) process-dissociation procedure to responses during the transfer task. In the two training conditions (negative and benign), students imagined themselves in 100 ambiguous scenarios, most with potentially negative resolutions; the ambiguity was resolved in a consistently negative...