The transmission of bloodborne viruses to healthcare workers can have serious consequences not only for clinical practice but also, because of the requirements of health and safety legislation, for their employers. In spite of guidance and education, however, many healthcare workers continue to be exposed to bloodborne viruses from percutaneous, mucocutaneous, or other injuries. An enhanced sys...

Sir—Garcia et al. [1] describe a health care worker who developed a case of acute infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) with a very rapid onset (within 9 days) following a needlestick injury. A similar case, with a similarly short incubation period of 2 weeks, was reported by Morand et al. [2] in 2001. In both cases, HCV RNA testing was performed after the onset of symptoms at week 2 and produ...

the burden of exposure to blood-borne pathogens (such as hepatitis b and c viruses) is considerable for health care workers. hepatitis virus transmission requires a non-immune host, an infectious source, and skin or mucous membrane injury. these three aspects are the main fields for preventional interventions. we reviewed major recent studies on this topic to identify precautions health care wo...

Buffon’s needle is another way in which the value of π can be computed by simulating the dropping of a needle onto a floor with equal distant parallel cracks. Directory • Table of

SURGICAL TECHNIQUES Volume 16 June 2015 121 Novel Intraoperative Technique for Thoracic Level Localization Utilizing a Percutaneous Upper Lumbar Intrapedicular Jamshidi Needle as a Fixed Marker for Wrong Level Surgery Avoidance: Technical Note and Literature Review The authors report no conflict of interest related to this work. C. Chambliss Harrod, MD1 Richard F. Rathbone, MD2 Robert E. Boykin...

n engl j med 366;7 nejm.org february 16, 2012 670 4. Guelrud M, Morera C, Rodriguez M, Jaen D, Pierre R. Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction in children with recurrent pancreatitis and anomalous pancreaticobiliary union: an etiologic concept. Gastrointest Endosc 1999;50:194-9. 5. Varadarajulu S, Wilcox CM. Endoscopic management of sphincter of Oddi dysfunction in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nut...