To the Editor:—We read with interest the article published by Rigaud et al. The authors addressed the very important and insufficiently explored relationship between the parameters of electrical nerve stimulation and the precise position of the stimulating needle tip. Unfortunately, little data exist defining this relationship in special clinical situations like neuromuscular and metabolic dise...

A thorough understanding of needle-tissue interaction mechanics is necessary to optimize needle design, achieve robotically needle steering, and establish surgical simulation system. It is obvious that the interaction is influenced by numerous variable parameters, which are divided into three categories: needle geometries, insertion methods, and tissue characteristics. A series of experiments a...

Currently, visually described borehole samples are the primary input for large-scale 3D geological models of the subsurface, both when modelling architecture and composition. Cone penetration tests are rarely used and to a limited extent only. There are several reasons why it is of interest to utilize CPT data for geological and lithological modelling of the Dutch subsurface: 1) CPTs are more a...

If planned and executed appropriately, penetration testing can be a very useful tool for determining the current security posture of an organization. A well-planned penetration test can vividly illustrate the potential impact of exploited security vulnerabilities for the target organization's present business environment. Formal penetration 'rules of behavior', which document the results of the...

Introduction: Computer-aided testing is an alternative to traditional paper-and-pen tests. Despite the fact that computer-based examination methods are well-established in academic centres, continuous monitoring of their quality is still needed. In the academic year 2013/14, doctoral degree students of the Medical Faculty at Medical University of Warsaw (MUW) took part in the "Reliability in re...

With pairwise testing, the test model is a list of N parameters. Each test case is an N -tuple; the test space is the cross product of the N parameters. A pairwise test is a set of N -tuples where every pairwise combination of the parameter values is contained in at least one of the N -tuples. Well-known algorithms generate pairwise test sets far smaller than the test space. Pairwise testing ha...