Doped and undoped nanostructured titanium dioxide was synthesized via a sol–gel method under varying conditions to determine the effects of neodymium ion doping on the titania lattice. Specifically, the effects of doping on the anatase to rutile phase transformation were studied. Samples were analyzed by a variety of techniques, including X-ray diffraction, Rutherford back-scattering spectrosco...

Latest trends in dental restorative ceramics involve the development of full-contour 3Y-TZP ceramics which can avoid chipping of veneering porcelains. Among the challenges are the low translucency and the hydrothermal stability of 3Y-TZP ceramics. In this work, different trivalent oxides (Al2O3, Sc2O3, Nd2O3 and La2O3) were selected to dope 3Y-TZP ceramics. Results show that dopant segregation ...

We have characterized base-layer width and dopant distributions on cleaved cross-sections of AlxGa12xAs/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor ~HBT! structures using a variation of electrostatic force microscopy. The contrast observed is sensitive to the local dopant concentration through variations in the depletion layer depth extending into the sample surface, and enables delineation of indiv...

As the ultimate miniaturization of semiconductor devices approaches, it is imperative that the effects of single dopants be clarified. Beyond providing insight into functions and limitations of conventional devices, such information enables identification of new device concepts. Investigating single dopants requires sub-nanometre spatial resolution, making scanning tunnelling microscopy an idea...

In this work, the impact of translation rates in fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) thin films using atmospheric pressure chemical vapour deposition (APCVD) were studied. We demonstrated that by adjusting the translation speeds of the susceptor, the growth rates of the FTO films varied and hence many of the film properties were modified. X-ray powder diffraction showed an increased preferred orient...

Polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) films were prepared by the ultraviolet-light-induced polymerization of photopolymerizable monomers in nematic liquid crystal/chiral dopant/thiol-acrylate reaction monomer composites. The effects of the chiral dopant and crosslinking agents on the electro-optical properties of the PDLC films were systematically investigate. While added the chiral dopant S8...

Conductive biodegradable materials are of great interest for various biomedical applications, such as tissue repair and bioelectronics. They generally consist of multiple components, including biodegradable polymer/non-degradable conductive polymer/dopant, biodegradable conductive polymer/dopant or biodegradable polymer/non-degradable inorganic additives. The dopants or additives induce materia...

Gate depletion and boron penetration through thin gate oxide place directly opposing requirements on the gate engineering for advanced MOSFET’s. In this paper, several important issues of deep-submicron CMOS transistor gate engineering are discussed. First, the impact of gate nitrogen implantation on the performance and reliability of deep-submicron CMOSFET’s is investigated. The suppression of...

In the present study, TiO 2 /SiO 2 and TiO 2 /SiO 2 /Ag nanocomposite powders were synthesized by sol-gel technique. Moreover, for investigation of the Ag doping effect different concentrations of dopant were added. Structures were characterized by IR spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Analytical X-Ray (EDAX), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) methods. Fur...