The space radiation environment presents serious challenges to spacecraft design and operations: adding costs or compromising capability. Our understanding of radiation belt dynamics has changed dramatically as a result of new observations. Relativistic electron fluxes change rapidly, on time scales less than a day, in response to geomagnetic activity. However, the magnitude, and even the sign,...

Radiotherapy has been used to treat cancer for >100 years and is required by numerous patients with cancer. Ionizing radiation effectively inhibits the growth of cancer cells by inducing cell death and increasing anticancer immunity, through the induction of natural killer group 2 membe r D ligands (NKG2DLs); however, adverse effects have also been reported, including the promotion of metastasi...

Background: The effect of low dose radiation on immune system is shown. Ionizing radiation can affect cytokine production and polarization of T helper cells. Objective: The current study focused on ionizing radiation in Ukrainian children residing in a contaminated area with clinical irritable bowel syndrome. Method: Our study included 75 rural children population aged 4-18 yrs, who lived in a ...

Ionizing radiation has been shown to produce negative effects on organisms, although little is known about its ecological and evolutionary effects. As a study model, we isolated bacteria associated with feathers from barn swallows Hirundo rustica from three study areas around Chernobyl differing in background ionizing radiation levels and one control study site in Denmark. Each bacterial commun...

Natural selection plays a fundamental role in most theories of speciation, but empirical evidence from the wild has been lacking. Here the post-Pleistocene radiation of threespine sticklebacks was used to infer natural selection in the origin of species. Populations of sticklebacks that evolved under different ecological conditions show strong reproductive isolation, whereas populations that ev...

Introduction: Many people use hot water springs to treat some diseases, such as rheumatism, arthritis, and skin diseases, but they are unaware of the presence of natural radioactive substances that may be found in hot water springs. An effective way to understand the radiation risk of these elements are measuring the dose rate of radiation. In this study, for the first time, ga...

Few exposures generate more anxiety to the public than exposure to any type of radiation. Images and stories of affected individuals that agonize due to extreme exposure to ionizing radiation (usually during nuclear facility accidents) have captured the imagination of people since the atomic bomb explosions in Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II, and have created deep seated fears [1,2]....