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AbstrAct Linguistic qualities are essential for the fitness for use of every standard. The intentions of the standards developers should become perfectly clear to those who will finally use the documents, but language barriers at several project stages may hinder this. This chapter addresses the topic for standards at the global and regional levels using a case study about the linguistic qualit...

Prognostics and health management (PHM) technologies reduce burdensome maintenance tasks of products or processes through diagnostic and prognostic activities. These activities provide actionable information that enable intelligent decision‐making for improved performance, safety, reliability, and maintainability. However, standards for PHM system development, data collection and analysis techn...

These recollections are on ionizing radiation programs at the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) that started in 1928 and ended in 1988 when NBS became the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The independent Council on Ionizing Radiation Measurements and Standards (CIRMS) was formed in 1992. This article focuses on how measurements and standards for x rays, gamma rays, and el...

National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-0001, In 1959 the Director of the National Bureau of Standards declared “The emergence of science and technology as the paramount concern of the Nation in the 20 century . . . demanded the highest order of measurement competence, in order to provide the standards and measurement techniques on which maintenance of scientific ...

National Research Council Canada, Institute for National Measurement Standards, Ottawa ON, Canada K1A 0R9. E-mail: [email protected]; Fax: 01 613 993 2451; Tel: 01 613 993 6395 National Institute for Standards and Technology, Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD, USA Laboratory for Isotope and Trace Element Research Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Domin...

We describe the results of a comparison of reference standards between the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST-USA) and National Institute of Metrology (NIM-China). We report optical fiber-based power measurements at nominal wavelengths of 1310 nm and 1550 nm. We compare the laboratories' reference standards by means of a commercial optical power meter. Measurement results show...

arguments between scientists advocating for vitamins versus those who emphasised minerals went ‘beyond alleviating the effects of malnutrition’ and entered into discussions about national mortality, disability and state responsibility in setting standards for national and international food and nutrition policies. A key goal of professionalising nutrition science was the effort to establish nat...

aims: heavy metals in the environment are toxic to plants, animals and human. this study aimed to investigate concentration of arsenic, lead and cadmium in iranian and non-iranian rice which have been sold in kashan city, iran shops.  materials & methods: in this cross-sectional study, 126 samples from 42 trademarks (15 iranian and 27 non-iranian) rice were collected from kashan shopping center...

this study examines the quality of services at iran’s central library of management and planning organization (mpo) from the viewpoint of its users. the research was conducted in two phases: first, the library and its services were compared to the standards for special libraries published by the national library of iran (nli). the library was found to meet most of the standards. second, the qua...