Present review highlights the potential of nasal mucosa as an administration route for targeting the central nervous system, the brain. Targeted drug delivery seeks to concentrate the medication in the tissues of interest while reducing the relative concentration of medication in the remaining tissues. Thus improving efficacy of the drug and reducing side effects. The nasal mucosa when compared...

Ascent to high altitude leads to pulmonary edema formation in some individuals. Recent laboratory evidence supports the hypothesis that hypoxia may impair the function of the alveolar epithelium and thus augment edema accumulation via reduced clearance of lung liquid. We investigated the effect of hypobaric hypoxia on epithelial sodium transport in adult Sprague-Dawley rats by measuring the nas...

OBJECTIVE We present a case report of a patient with a putative diagnosis of complex regional pain syndrome of the nose. We would like to bring this disorder to the attention of rhinologists. CASE REPORT A 53-year-old man presented with a history of extreme, constant, debilitating pain in his nose that started after he underwent several extensive nasal surgeries. Examination revealed atrophic...

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of our newly developed nasal glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) compound and injector. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Twenty-six patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled in this double-blind placebo-controlled study. The nasal compound containing 1.2 mg of human GLP-1 (7-36) amide or placebo was administered immediately before every me...

The mucosa of the nasal cavity has relatively high premeability for peptides. Because of the digestive peptidase activity of the gut, the nasal pathway is currently the route of choice for nonparenteral administration of many peptides including gonadotropin releasing hormone analogues (GnRH-a) . Nevertheless, the transmucosal route of administration may have some problems. Variations exist from...

Recent studies have demonstrated that intranasal is comparable to intravenous opioid titration in its pain-relieving effect. In these studies, however, the intranasal opioid titration was performed by the investigator, and the treatment period was two hours or less. The purpose of this randomized, prospective study was to investigate whether intranasal opioid administration by the patients them...

The human nose has the potential to be an alternative route for the systemic delivery of a wide range of therapeutic agents. The richly supplied vascular nature of the nasal mucosa and its high drug permeation makes it a potential route for the administration of many drugs including proteins, peptides and vaccines. Nasal route is most suitable for those drugs which cannot be administered orally...

N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC) nanoparticles have been shown to increase the immunogenicity of subunit antigens after nasal and intradermal administration. This work describes a second generation of TMC nanoparticles containing ovalbumin as a model antigen (TMC/OVA nanoparticles) and an immunopotentiator (TMC/OVA/immunopotentiator nanoparticles). The selection of immunopotentiators included Toll-li...