Alpine glaciation and river incision control the topography of mountain ranges, but their relative contributions have been debated for years. Apatite 4He/3He thermochronometry tightly constrains the timing and rate of glacial erosion within one of the largest valleys in the southern Coast Mountains of British Columbia, Canada. Five proximate samples require accelerated denudation of the Klinakl...

How do we most quickly fold a paper strip (modeled as a line) to obtain a desired mountain-valley pattern of equidistant creases (viewed as a binary string)? Define the folding complexity of a mountain-valley string as the minimum number of simple folds required to construct it. We first show that the folding complexity of a length-n uniform string (all mountains or all valleys), and hence of a...

Thermally driven downslope flows were investigated on a low-angle (1.6°) slope on the west side of the floor of Utah’s Salt Lake Valley below the Oquirrh Mountains using data from a line of four tethered balloons running down the topographic gradient and separated by about 1 km. The study focused on the evolution of the temperature and wind structure within and above the slope flow layer and it...

Due to its tropical location, chains of mountains, inter-Andean valleys, Amazon basin area, eastern plains and shores on both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, Colombia has many ecosystems and the second largest plant biodiversity in the world. Many plant species, both native and naturalized, are currently recognized as toxic for both animals and humans, and some of them are known to cause their...

The relationship between ants and their habitats was examined in oak-dominated mixed forests in the central Appalachian mountains. Ants were sampled using pitfall traps over the summers of 1995, 1996, and 1997. Principal component and correlation analysis indicated that ant diversity (ShannonÕs H ), species richness, and abundance were closely correlated with habitat principal components. Fewer...

One of the most important natural factors and critical facilities in Tehran is presence of AlborzSlopes River-Valleys which have been considered as natural tourist places for citizens since a long time ago, especiallyin hot summers and play effective role in creating a balance between manmade and natural spaces. Importance ofthese river-valleys as ecological pathways is enhanced with the increa...

The valleys of Restelica and Vraca in Kosovo have not been explored sufficiently due to their geographical position the harshness terrain. plant species Ranunculus degenii has collected Restelica, on way border with North Macedonia or between this road Albanian near Shishtavec, while Verbascum scardicola found valley. These localities are mainly dominated by silicate substrate, although presenc...