Every year, the U.S. economy loses more than ${\$}$ 411 billion because of work performance reduction, injuries, and traffic accidents caused by microsleep. To mitigate microsleep's consequences, an unobtrusive, reliable, socially acceptable microsleep detection solution throughout day, every day is required. Unfortunately, ...

Eighteen patients with idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) were compared with 50 patients with the narcoleptic syndrome of cataplexy and daytime sleepiness (NLS) using self report questionnaires and a diary of sleep/wake patterns. The IH group reported more consolidated nocturnal sleep, a lower propensity to nap, greater refreshment after naps, and a greater improvement in excessive daytime sleepiness ...

Myotonic dystrophy is the most common type of muscular dystrophy in adults and is characterized by progressive myopathy, myotonia, and multiorgan involvement. Two genetically distinct entities have been identified, myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1 or Steinert's Disease) and myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2). Myotonic dystrophies are strongly associated with sleep dysfunction. Sleep disturbances in ...

Micropipette recording with juxtacellular Neurobiotin ejection, linked micropipette-microwire recording, and antidromic and orthodromic activation from the ventral tegmental area and locus coeruleus were used to identify hypocretin (Hcrt) cells in anesthetized rats and develop criteria for identification of these cells in unanesthetized, unrestrained animals. We found that Hcrt cells have broad...

Narcolepsy is marked by pathologic symptoms including excessive daytime drowsiness and lethargy, even with sufficient nocturnal sleep. There are two types of narcolepsy: type 1 (with cataplexy) 2 (without cataplexy). Unlike 1, for which hypocretin a biomarker, narcolepsy has no adequate biomarker to identify the causality narcoleptic phenomenon. Therefore, we aimed establish new biomarkers usin...

H 3 antagonists increase the release of brain histamine, ACh, NE and DA, neurotransmitters that are known to modulate cognitive processes. The ability to release brain histamine support the effect on attention and vigilance, but histamine also modulates other cognitive domains like short-term and long-term memory.17216498 and ABT-288 have advanced to the clinical area for the potential treatmen...

Several sleep disorders have a genetic basis. These conditions include the narcoleptic syndrome, sleep walking, periodic movements in sleep, circadian delay syndromes and familial insomnia. These disorders illustrate different control mechanisms involved in sleep and wakefulness, including those determining the prevalence and timing of NREM and REM activity, somatomotor inhibition and excitatio...

Abstract Non-sleep symptoms, as depression, anxiety and overweight, are often encountered in narcoleptic patients. The purposes of this study to evaluate mood, impulsiveness, emotion, alexithymia, eating behavior patients with narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) 2 (NT2) compared healthy controls investigate possible correlations between clinical-demographic data, polysomnographic parameters, subjective que...