The function of a principal Na+/H+ antiporter, ShaA, of Bacillus subtilis, is required for the progression of the sporulation process. The step(s) in the sporulation process that requires the function of ShaA was determined. The period of time when the shaA-disrupted B. subtilis showed Na+ sensitivity during its sporulation was confined to the initial stage of sporulation. It was revealed that ...

There is increasing evidence that a proton-coupled organic cation (H+/OC) antiporter facilitates uptake of various central nervous system-active drugs, such as the histamine H1 receptor antagonist diphenhydramine, into brain. The purpose this study was to clarify structural requirements for H+/OC antiporter-mediated hCMEC/D3 cells, an established in vitro model human blood-brain barrier, by usi...

We have cloned TaSOS1 gene from Triticum aestivum L.which encodes a plasma membrane Na/H antiporter. TaSOS1 encodes a polypeptide of 1,142 amino acid residues with a theoretical molecular mass of 126 kDa. TaSOS1 protein is a plasma membrane-bound protein which enhanced Na and Li tolerance when overexpressed in yeast salt sensitive mutants. TaSOS1 transcripts were detected in all investigated ti...

Ca(2+) efflux by Ca(2+) cation antiporter (CaCA) proteins is important for maintenance of Ca(2+) homeostasis across the cell membrane. Recently, the monomeric structure of the prokaryotic Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX) antiporter NCX_Mj protein from Methanococcus jannaschii shows an outward-facing conformation suggesting a hypothesis of alternating substrate access for Ca(2+) efflux. To demonstra...

A Na+/H+ antiporter-like protein (NHXLP) was isolated from Sorghum bicolor L. (SbNHXLP) and validated by overexpressing in tomato for salt tolerance. Homozygous T2 transgenic lines when evaluated for salt tolerance, accumulated low Na+ and displayed enhanced salt tolerance compared to wild-type plants (WT). This is consistent with the amiloride binding assay of the protein. Transgenics exhibite...