Imidazoquinolines are powerful immunostimulants (IMMS) that function through Toll-like receptors, particularly TLR7 and TLR8. In addition to enhancing the immune response, IMMS also function as antineoplastic drugs and vaccine adjuvants. These small compounds display almost the same molecular structure, except in some cases in which atom in position 1 varies and changes the imidazole characteri...

The Happy End Theorem of Erdős and Szekeres asserts that for every integer n greater than two there is an integer N such that every set of N points in general position in the plane includes the n vertices of a convex n-gon. We generalize this theorem in the framework of certain simple structures, which we call “happy end spaces”. In the winter of 1932/33, Esther Klein observed that from any set...

We obtain a general bound on the Turán density of a hypergraph in terms of the number of edges that it contains. If F is an r-uniform hypergraph with f edges we show that π(F) < f−2 f−1 − (1 + o(1))(2r!2/rf3−2/r)−1, for fixed r ≥ 3 and f → ∞. Given an r-uniform hypergraph F , the Turán number of F is the maximum number of edges in an r-uniform hypergraph on n vertices that does not contain a co...

An improved statistical model is proposed in this paper for extracting compound words from a text corpus. Traditional terminology extraction methods rely heavily on simple filtering-and-thresholding methods, which are unable to minimize the error counts objectively. Therefore, a method for minimizing the error counts is very desirable. In this paper, an improved statistical model is developed t...

We derive, for a bistochastic strictly contractive quantum channel on a matrix algebra, a relation between the contraction rate and the rate of entropy production. We also sketch some applications of our result to the statistical physics of irreversible processes and to quantum information processing. PACS numbers: 03.65.Yz, 03.67.-a, 05.30.-d Let A be the algebra of observables (say, a C*-alge...

In this document we describe the scheme used for labelling the open-source Ukwabelana Zulu corpus as well as the rules employed for the Part-of-speech (POS) tagger used to assign POS to morphologically analysed words. A detailed description of the Zulu morphology, the corpus itself and its generation is given in [2]. All resources can be downloaded from http://www.cs.bris.ac.uk/Research/Machine...

The concrete material model developed in the preceding Part I of this study is formulated numerically. The new model is then verified by comparisons with experimental data for compressive and tensile uniaxial tests, biaxial tests, and triaxial tests, as well as notched tests of mode I fracture and size effect. DOI: 10.1061/~ASCE!0733-9399~2003!129:12~1449! CE Database subject headings: Concrete...

Learning to categorize objects involves learning which sources of variability are meaningful and which should be ignored or generalized. In this light, theories and models of category learning can be viewed as accounts of how people capture and represent meaningful variation. Similarity-based models, such as prototype and exemplar models, cannot correctly predict that humans classify a stimulus...

A quick method is needed to determine the susceptibility of sugarcane to attack by eldana borer. Plants of three varieties and of differing ages of cane were tested for attractiveness of the plant to an ovipositing moth and for the performance of the larva when feeding. The preference of moths for certain varieties was studied by releasing moths into a large cage containing potted plants of the...