Aberrant crypt foci can be identified in the colons of rodents treated 3 wk earlier with azoxymethane, a known colon carcinogen. These crypts can easily be visualized in the unsectioned methylene blue-stained colons under light microscopy, where they are distinguished by their increased size, more prominent epithelial cells, and pericryptal space. They occur as single aberrant crypts or as two,...

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) play a vital role in attenuating contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) during potable water reuse. AOPs are conventionally performed by irradiating with 254-nm low-pressure (LP) mercury-vapor (Hg) ultraviolet (UV) lamp along chemical treatment. Compared UV-C light treatment (200–280 nm), vacuum-UV (V-UV) (100–200 nm) is advantageous terms hydroxyl radical g...

We examined the potential for the widely consumed xenobiotic ethanol to transplacentally induce fetal rat CYP2E1. Throughout gestation, rat dams were fed a liquid diet containing 5% ethanol or two separate control diets. At 2 days before term, the dams were killed, and maternal and embryonic tissues were collected. Immunoblot analysis of microsomes from fetal liver, placenta and maternal brain ...

Clonorchis sinensis is a Group-I bio-carcinogen, associated with cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). The hamster is the only experimental model of C. sinensis-mediated CCA, but we oblige another animal model. The present study intended to develop a C. sinensis (Cs) mediated CCA model using C3H/He mice, co-stimulated with N-nitrosodimethyl-amine (NDMA) and dicyclanil (DC). The mice were divided into 8 gro...

This Public Health Goal (PHG) technical support document provides information on health effects from contaminants in drinking water. PHGs are developed for chemical contaminants based on the best available toxicological data in the scientific literature. These documents and the analyses contained in them provide estimates of the levels of contaminants in drinking water that would pose no signif...

Propane-induced cometabolic degradation of n-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) by two propanotrophs is characterized through kinetic, gene presence, and expression studies. After growth on propane, resting cells of Rhodococcus sp. RR1 possessed a maximum transformation rate (v(max,n)) of 44 ± 5 µg NDMA (mg protein)(-1) h(-1); the rate for Mycobacterium vaccae (austroafricanum) JOB-5 was modestly lowe...

Mechanisms of hepatocyte multinucleation was investigated in rats exposed to Nnitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). By using immunohistochemical reaction to γ-tubulin it was established that the number of cells containing three and more centrosomes increased in 48 hours after NDMA injection. It was shown that formation of extra-centrosomes in hepatocytes is enhanced by oxidative stress induced by cytoch...