Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by several fungi contaminating crops. In several countries, the maximum permitted levels of mycotoxins are found in foodstuffs and feedstuffs. The common strategy of mycotoxin analysis involves extraction, clean-up and quantification by chromatography. In this paper, we analyzed the reasons of underestimation of ochratoxin A (OTA) content in wine, a...

some 3, 5-diacyl or 3,5-diester 1,4-dihydropyridines were oxidized to the corresponding pyridine derivatives using hydrogen peroxide in aqueous ethanol in the presence of potassium bromide and acetic acid as the catalysts. the reaction was carried out in ethanol and products were isolated in high to excellent yields. however, oxidation of 3,5-diacetyl 1,4-dihydropyridines is slower than 3,5-die...

‎Let $R$ be a commutative ring with non-zero identity. ‎We describe all $C_3$‎- ‎and $C_4$-free intersection graph of non-trivial ideals of $R$ as well as $C_n$-free intersection graph when $R$ is a reduced ring. ‎Also, ‎we shall describe all complete, ‎regular and $n$-claw-free intersection graphs. ‎Finally, ‎we shall prove that almost all Artin rings $R$ have Hamiltonian intersection graphs. ...

Attempts to use alkylation to introduce a positive charge at the nitrogen atom of the 4-pyridyl ring in the bis(bidentate) triazole ligand N(4)-(4-pyridyl)-3,5-di(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole (pydpt) were made to ascertain what effect a strongly electron-withdrawing group would have on the magnetic properties of any subsequent iron(II) complexes. Alkylation of pydpt under relatively mild condition...

A ring R is called clean if every element of the sum a unit and an idempotent. Motivated by question proposed Lam on cleanness von Neumann Algebras, Vaš introduced more natural concept for ?-rings, ?-cleanness. More precisely, ?-ring ?- projection (?-invariant idempotent). Let F be finite field G abelian group. In this paper, we introduce two classes involutions group rings form characterize ?-...

in this paper, we study some ring theoretic properties of the amalgamated duplication ring $rbowtie i$ of a commutative noetherian ring $r$ along an ideal $i$ of $r$ which was introduced by d'anna and fontana. indeed, it is determined that when $rbowtie i$ satisfies serre's conditions $(r_n)$ and $(s_n)$, and when is a normal ring, a generalized cohen-macaulay ring and finally a filter ring.

let $r$ be a commutative ring and $m$ be an $r$-module with $t(m)$ as subset,   the set of torsion elements. the total graph of the module denoted   by $t(gamma(m))$, is the (undirected) graph with all elements of   $m$ as vertices, and for distinct elements  $n,m in m$, the   vertices $n$ and $m$ are adjacent if and only if $n+m in t(m)$. in this paper we   study the domination number of $t(ga...