Premixed or partially premixed compression ignition modes, such as homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI), have been a particular focus among researchers because of their potential to deliver enhanced fuel efficiency and meet exhaust emissions mandates without the addition of costly after-treatment technologies as currently required with traditional spark ignition (SI) and direct inject...

A highly selective (>99%) tandem catalytic system for the conversion of ethanol (up to 37%) to n-butanol, through the Guerbet process, has been developed using a bifunctional iridium catalyst coupled with bulky nickel or copper hydroxides. These sterically crowded nickel and copper hydroxides catalyze the key aldol coupling reaction of acetaldehyde to exclusively yield the C4 coupling product, ...

Genetic association studies require a quantitative and reliable method for odor threshold assessment in order to examine the contribution of genetic variants to complex olfactory phenotypes. Our main goal was to assess the feasibility of a portable Scentroid air dilution olfactometer for use in such studies. Using the Scentroid SM110C and the SK5 n-butanol Sensitivity Kit (IDES Canada Inc.), n-...

As an alternative energy source to fossil fuels, biobutanol has received increasing attention. In this work, new mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) incorporating zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF-71) particles into polyether-block-amide (PEBA) were prepared for biobutanol recovery from acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) fermentation broth by pervaporation (PV). FESEM, EDS, XRD, FT-IR, DSC and contact ...

The methanolic leaf extract of D. pruessii with documented ethnomedicinal applications was fractionated in different solvents (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water) subjected to phytochemical screening antimicrobial activity against some disease-causing microorganisms including gram-positive gram-negative (Staphylococcus aureus, salmonella spp, Escherichia coli). Phytochemi...

We have measured the nucleation conditions of n-propanol, n-butanol, and n-pentanol in a supersonic Laval nozzle, and estimated that the maximum nucleation rate J is 5 x 10(16) cm(-3) s(-1) with an uncertainty factor of 2. Plotting the vapor pressures p(J(max) ) and temperatures T(J(max) ) corresponding to the maximum nucleation rate as ln(p) versus 1T, produces a series of well separated strai...

BACKGROUND Clostridium pasteurianum CH4 was used to produce butanol from glycerol. The performance of butanol fermentation was improved by adding butyrate as the precursor to trigger the metabolic pathway toward butanol production, and by combining this with in situ butanol removal via vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) to avoid the product inhibition arising from a high butanol concentration. ...

Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Spreng (ATRES) has been used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of abdominal pain, diarrhea, and asthma. In this study, we investigated the hair growth promoting activities of ATRES on telogenic C57BL6/N mice. Hair growth was significantly increased in the dorsal skin of ethanol extract of ATRES treated mouse group compared with the control mouse group. To e...

The use of labeled butanol for autoradiographic and positron tomographic measurement of cerebral blood flow has been well established using radiocarbon labels. The advantages of the short half-life of oxygen-15 (15O) in doing sequential flow studies are also recognized. An automated procedure has been developed for the routine rapid and sequential synthesis of 15O-labeled butanol in amounts and...

Article history: Received 7 March 2014 In final form 31 March 2014 Available online 5 April 2014 We explore the importance of molecular structure on thermal lens (TL) spectroscopy by measuring the effects of molecular isomerization on TL measurements. In particular, we present a case study for all the structural isomers of butanol, namely, normal-butanol (n-BuOH), secondary-butanol (s-BuOH), is...