To assess the profitability of control schemes for Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map)-infection implemented in dairy herds, accurate estimates of its production effects are needed. This study aimed at quantifying the variation in milk yield of dairy cows according to their Map-infection status. The cow-status was determined by combining (i) its testing(s)-result(s) (serum ELI...

A cross-sectional, stratified random survey of Michigan dairy herds was conducted to estimate the prevalence of herds infected with Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (MAP), the causative agent of Johne's disease, in Michigan using targeted environmental sampling. One pooled sample each from the primary manure storage area and a high-traffic common cow area from each herd was collected and cu...

Efficacy of IS900 blood PCR was evaluated for the presence of MAP infection. Serum, fecal, and blood samples of kids, young, and adult goats from farm and farmer's herds in Mathura district were also screened by ELISA, microscopy and culture. Of 111 goats (kids: 40, young: 14, adults: 57) screened, 77.5% were positive by blood PCR. Of 76 goats, 90.8% (kids: 87.5% and adults: 94.4%) were positiv...

The capacity of a commercially available gamma interferon (IFNgamma) assay to detect infected sheep early in the pathogenesis of Johne's disease enables the removal of such animals from the flock before bacterial shedding and pasture contamination. However, nonspecific IFNgamma responses in the assay have meant that to achieve high-test specificity, there has been a reduction in sensitivity. Al...

Paratuberculosis, is a disease caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) that affects mainly ruminants. MAP can disseminate from the intestine to the genital tract. Therefore infection has been associated with decreased fertility but not directly with abortion in goats. The aim of this study was to obtain the evidence required to exploit the potential association between MAP-i...

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), of which Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are the two main clinicopathological subtypes, is a group of digestive system diseases of unknown etiology. Risk factors for IBD are environmental factors, genetics, and immune system agents. Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is one of the most important infectious factors...

Farm-to-fork quantitative microbial risk assessments (QMRA) typically start with a preliminary estimate of initial concentration (Cinitial) microorganism loading at farm level, consisting an prevalence (P) and the resulting pathogen levels in animal faeces. An average estimation pathogens can be achieved by combining P estimates populations colonised animals' faeces cumulative herd farmyard man...

The control of Johne's disease requires the identification of Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP)-positive herds. Boot swabs and liquid manure samples have been suggested as an easy-to-use alternative to sampling individual animals in order to diagnose subclinical Johne's disease at the herd level, but there is a need to evaluate performance of this approach in the field. Using a lo...

Paratuberculosis, or Johne's disease (JD), is caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), is found in ruminants worldwide and can cause considerable economic losses in cattle. Control efforts and programs for JD in cattle are very diverse among European states, in Austria clinical JD is rated as a notifiable disease since 2006. The voluntary control programs established in ...

Diagnosis of paratuberculosis is made on clinical grounds confirmed by the demonstration of MAP in the faeces by microscopy, culture, or by the use of DNA probes and the polymerase chain reaction. Diagnosis is made at necropsy by the finding of the pathognomonic lesions of the disease in the intestines, either grossly with the demonstration of typical acid-fast organisms in impression smears of...